tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38422899509190525452024-03-26T23:38:15.649-07:00Scambio Termico for Heat Transfer SpecialistsGiuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.comBlogger369125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-69807397218695761352023-02-16T07:46:00.003-08:002023-02-16T07:46:43.080-08:00How to deal with EPC Contractors in Oil & Gas<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDvSDy5-Qkfn6gea0feqhoLh2crtlwOUN8f57CQww6WjRVqqoTfgUJAX8bkLg5NXOAzl5khxRcG90_T2PUuABlqjsx56808kb40E-sRgekWUWGtzcANSk564ed89bBuyrirP0JZ6sh60evaGufBU8FRC6jSwEb1i8dR-iGHWNn8Ry7c1iTS-rN2RrU/s1013/epc2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="1013" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDvSDy5-Qkfn6gea0feqhoLh2crtlwOUN8f57CQww6WjRVqqoTfgUJAX8bkLg5NXOAzl5khxRcG90_T2PUuABlqjsx56808kb40E-sRgekWUWGtzcANSk564ed89bBuyrirP0JZ6sh60evaGufBU8FRC6jSwEb1i8dR-iGHWNn8Ry7c1iTS-rN2RrU/w640-h336/epc2.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dealing with EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) contractors in the oil and gas industry requires a combination of project management skills, technical expertise, and effective communication. Here are some tips to help you manage your relationship with EPC contractors effectively:</p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Clearly define your project objectives and expectations: Before engaging an EPC contractor, it's essential to have a clear understanding of your project objectives and expectations. This includes the scope of work, budget, timeline, and any specific requirements. Clearly communicating these details to the EPC contractor will ensure that they have a clear understanding of what is expected of them.</p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Choose the right EPC contractor: Selecting the right EPC contractor is crucial to the success of your project. Look for contractors with relevant experience in the oil and gas industry and a proven track record of delivering similar projects. Check their credentials, references, and financial stability to ensure they are a reputable and reliable contractor.</p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Establish clear communication channels: Establishing effective communication channels between your team and the EPC contractor is essential. Schedule regular meetings to review project progress and identify any potential issues. Be available to answer any questions the contractor may have and provide regular feedback to keep the project on track.</p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Monitor progress and quality: Regularly monitor the EPC contractor's progress and quality of work. Ensure they are following the agreed-upon specifications and quality standards. Any deviations should be identified and addressed immediately to prevent delays or additional costs.</p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Resolve issues quickly: Address any issues or disputes that arise promptly. It's crucial to maintain a professional and collaborative relationship with the EPC contractor to ensure the project's success. Work together to find solutions and make necessary adjustments to keep the project on track.</p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Conduct regular performance reviews: Conduct regular performance reviews to assess the EPC contractor's performance and identify areas for improvement. This feedback can help the contractor to deliver better results in future projects.</p></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">By following these tips, you can effectively manage your relationship with EPC contractors and ensure your oil and gas projects are completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards.</p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-16666078886758481182023-02-16T05:58:00.005-08:002023-02-16T06:43:54.590-08:00Plate Heat Exchangers in Oil & Gas refinery<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUZUGsqgJpsPys1Rqjd3TZ_SdTPPxkfQXwv9M9huyGtCx9ZbBaZfTh5fjvi38rTJk15BczknRwO8Df4j3XzSrOmjjlWrtcrPADBMyMMukK22nE8B0Nsa6JU0Nqe4KQ_QIBexBHLLVX4kmougaA1cLcHN7OvKuRD6rPb4ON8NOSyfnKlML_9ZPPL83F/s1000/402b0c49bbc32523a3fc0ddc7eec855b40c629f0.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUZUGsqgJpsPys1Rqjd3TZ_SdTPPxkfQXwv9M9huyGtCx9ZbBaZfTh5fjvi38rTJk15BczknRwO8Df4j3XzSrOmjjlWrtcrPADBMyMMukK22nE8B0Nsa6JU0Nqe4KQ_QIBexBHLLVX4kmougaA1cLcHN7OvKuRD6rPb4ON8NOSyfnKlML_9ZPPL83F/w640-h320/402b0c49bbc32523a3fc0ddc7eec855b40c629f0.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; white-space: pre-wrap;">Plate heat exchangers (PHEs) are commonly used in oil and gas refineries for a variety of applications, including heat recovery, preheating of feedstock, cooling of product streams, and intercooling of gases.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">PHEs consist of a series of thin plates that are corrugated to increase the surface area available for heat transfer. The plates are typically made of stainless steel or titanium, which are resistant to the corrosive effects of oil and gas. The plates are stacked together and separated by gaskets to form a series of channels through which the process fluids flow.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">One of the primary advantages of PHEs is their high heat transfer efficiency, which results from the large surface area available for heat exchange. This allows for compact designs that take up less space and require less material than traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">In oil and gas refineries, PHEs are used in a variety of applications, including:</p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em; position: relative;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Crude oil preheating: PHEs can be used to preheat crude oil before it enters a distillation tower, reducing the energy required for the distillation process and increasing the overall efficiency of the refinery.</p></li></ul><div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #374151;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga90S0LjF5JinKmPeSw6gBblf00_5Ti79ChI474xkBFO0lZBe6RG5rIEPJSpSR8C3rysUxki16jwklg_BBMgcXdWXvJ5Y1SFfmIIkwSbVTqtp0P-4rn-H0mhXVeThceHfV5FLSTyeTbeYfJdb-B8J0HXUEODXBCvXO4J4Y3qQd_RJovo8xemRflmq_/s717/Screenshot%20at%20Feb%2016%2014-47-12.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="717" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga90S0LjF5JinKmPeSw6gBblf00_5Ti79ChI474xkBFO0lZBe6RG5rIEPJSpSR8C3rysUxki16jwklg_BBMgcXdWXvJ5Y1SFfmIIkwSbVTqtp0P-4rn-H0mhXVeThceHfV5FLSTyeTbeYfJdb-B8J0HXUEODXBCvXO4J4Y3qQd_RJovo8xemRflmq_/w640-h224/Screenshot%20at%20Feb%2016%2014-47-12.png" width="640" /></a></div></span></div><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em; position: relative;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><br /></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em; position: relative;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Heat recovery: PHEs can be used to recover heat from process streams, such as hot gases or condensate, and transfer that heat to other process streams that require heating.</p></li></ul><div><span style="color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivLXWETSrrK0slGUPekmXtyZxDXA4PgZ8dCXLmRuf8J8mxq6Oh6xd1l270PD4KSwasZNmEN5jQD_DZtGQANy-WGP-zYLvRIG_GRD4UEt7YIpnZSjWdjN2kDS2bLyNqzqTuh5k6oVw7DRewDXesXXZFubI8siYBDRV8CisCBQTVc-u6Omd2gcOyHF12/s773/Screenshot%20at%20Feb%2016%2015-42-53.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="471" data-original-width="773" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivLXWETSrrK0slGUPekmXtyZxDXA4PgZ8dCXLmRuf8J8mxq6Oh6xd1l270PD4KSwasZNmEN5jQD_DZtGQANy-WGP-zYLvRIG_GRD4UEt7YIpnZSjWdjN2kDS2bLyNqzqTuh5k6oVw7DRewDXesXXZFubI8siYBDRV8CisCBQTVc-u6Omd2gcOyHF12/w640-h390/Screenshot%20at%20Feb%2016%2015-42-53.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em; position: relative;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Product cooling: PHEs can be used to cool product streams, such as gasoline or diesel fuel, before they are stored or transported. This can help to prevent degradation of the product and increase its shelf life.</p></li></ul><div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #374151;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTNSDAFP15_17cCCLYpZS7DAQHyQhpsjgA7aI43jsOYn-Q9OCjqi-mht51BRtVDmXngv_i8Bk4d_wP6kf1KVEmJsLtQ8UBWAocvGgNrp2q9ykDJNPYZaaNRUak4EptgtsONpc8RXS_ssb7xoHS3BTdK2FDc9N-A-H7SiOCTXQr50T46JzN5nNzG2vG/s544/Screenshot%20at%20Feb%2016%2014-50-49.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="544" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTNSDAFP15_17cCCLYpZS7DAQHyQhpsjgA7aI43jsOYn-Q9OCjqi-mht51BRtVDmXngv_i8Bk4d_wP6kf1KVEmJsLtQ8UBWAocvGgNrp2q9ykDJNPYZaaNRUak4EptgtsONpc8RXS_ssb7xoHS3BTdK2FDc9N-A-H7SiOCTXQr50T46JzN5nNzG2vG/w640-h316/Screenshot%20at%20Feb%2016%2014-50-49.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em; position: relative;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><br /></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em; position: relative;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Gas intercooling: PHEs can be used to cool gases, such as compressed air or natural gas, between stages of a compression process. This can help to reduce the energy required for compression and increase the overall efficiency of the process.</p></li></ul><div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #374151;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzerxy73O8hVFgmlMRRrHnez_bNRI_p6XztRzzMiAQGG5Iro64Ctw7sK91oMxyOB0UksT2wM9cViOqJ77y3vrooL1629hnWNWlyeiekRLMIQ_1WrhhMgmyXt9SOAzBvl2-BhuwQ4dKlqX_XfY-wbBriOHa64xDmNjjF3nzj2lIulp38BlEa8VX2vt/s763/Screenshot%20at%20Feb%2016%2014-56-59.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="453" data-original-width="763" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzerxy73O8hVFgmlMRRrHnez_bNRI_p6XztRzzMiAQGG5Iro64Ctw7sK91oMxyOB0UksT2wM9cViOqJ77y3vrooL1629hnWNWlyeiekRLMIQ_1WrhhMgmyXt9SOAzBvl2-BhuwQ4dKlqX_XfY-wbBriOHa64xDmNjjF3nzj2lIulp38BlEa8VX2vt/w640-h380/Screenshot%20at%20Feb%2016%2014-56-59.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Overall, PHEs are a versatile and efficient technology that has many applications in oil and gas refineries</p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-38311591536361721782022-12-01T09:52:00.002-08:002022-12-01T09:52:44.732-08:00FOULING IN HEAT EXCHANGERS<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw8FFhSVo6ANTpT4YAunLeknfr8K4Djsmk0uWEks7V2aSYteIcpcn4FsS6u6RJnhhpwYANmOGT9bcv_AyFryciECMwNDM3qiXmgiR2b5A6XQSPcUWruXOS0xZYHsgOpArQu3gukMjEqv68sihgjd9QWXu2eB5vkbJEQRNAvL3MW53G4Pn9X2F1EBwE/s750/Heat-Exchanger-Fouling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="501" data-original-width="750" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw8FFhSVo6ANTpT4YAunLeknfr8K4Djsmk0uWEks7V2aSYteIcpcn4FsS6u6RJnhhpwYANmOGT9bcv_AyFryciECMwNDM3qiXmgiR2b5A6XQSPcUWruXOS0xZYHsgOpArQu3gukMjEqv68sihgjd9QWXu2eB5vkbJEQRNAvL3MW53G4Pn9X2F1EBwE/w640-h428/Heat-Exchanger-Fouling.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #0081c6; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fouling is the formation of unwanted material deposits on heat transfer surfaces during process heating and cooling.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;">It occurs in all </span><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">industries</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;">and most</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/heat-exchangers" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">heat exchanger</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;">designs, with impacts ranging from heat transfer degradation to flow resistance and</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/what-is-pressure-drop-and-how-does-it-affect-your-processing-system" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">pressure drops</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;">. By forming a kind of insulation on heat-transfer surfaces and reducing heat transfer,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">fouling undermines heat exchange efficiency</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60;">.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In this article, we will outline:</span></span></p><ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The costs, types, and causes of fouling</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">How to detect fouling</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">How to clean your heat exchanger</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">How to prevent fouling</span></li></ul><div><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">COSTS OF FOULING</span></h2><blockquote style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(0, 129, 198); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.4rem; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; line-height: 1.55556; margin: 4rem 58.5px; outline: 0px; padding: 1rem 3rem; position: relative; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fouling prevention for heat exchangers is typically focused around the heat exchangers itself, however the fouling and heat exchanger performance can be affected by system characteristics that are present both before and after the heat exchanger. These characteristics can include varying product properties, product handling prior to the heat exchanger and operational performance of other equipment, such as pumps, valves and back pressure.<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" />~ <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Melissa Fryer, Sanitary Heat Transfer Business Development Manager, <a href="https://www.alfalaval.us/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Alfa Laval</a></span></em></span></blockquote><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In short, the costs of fouling are many and varied.</span></span></p><ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Production inefficiencies from pressure drops and poor heat transfer</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Maintenance time and equipment for removal of heavy fouling deposits</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/cleaning-systems" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Cleaning equipment</a> & chemicals</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Hazardous cleaning solution disposal</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Reduced service life and added energy costs</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Production loss from shutdowns</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Replacement of plugged equipment</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Decreased regeneration efficiency</span></li></ul><ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">TYPES OF FOULING</span></h2><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The most commonly occurring types of fouling and aging in hygienic processing fall into four main types:</span></span></p><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Incrustation:</span> the accumulation of a crust or coating of processed fluids, minerals, or cleaning agents on the surface of <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/how-do-heat-exchangers-work" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">heat exchanger parts</a>.</span></li></ul><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Scaling:</span> a type of incrustation caused by calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silicates.</span></li></ul><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Sediment:</span> comes from corrosion products, metal oxides, silt, alumina, and diatomic organisms (microalgae) and their excrement.</span></li></ul></li><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Biological growth:</span> Sources of biofouling include bacteria, nematodes, and protozoa.</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></li></ul></ul><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgefl2CJrcCX6d23m8rCRzTVY2r9kOWCD810ah6OXMEojYhLAU_w5WPdleb-T7UuNc6AAcJGkaEO1PeJPT37hf8Rqiz_HBmHAZa9M0cpId0nJYITXdRXuHt5AobwxgBnzYYOHjIxh4ugusOtF3Pa1YoK4s5_mAlylb1Pi4EQ1R2RkNI3u2QH2L4A7z6/s750/Fouling-in-Heat-Exchangers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgefl2CJrcCX6d23m8rCRzTVY2r9kOWCD810ah6OXMEojYhLAU_w5WPdleb-T7UuNc6AAcJGkaEO1PeJPT37hf8Rqiz_HBmHAZa9M0cpId0nJYITXdRXuHt5AobwxgBnzYYOHjIxh4ugusOtF3Pa1YoK4s5_mAlylb1Pi4EQ1R2RkNI3u2QH2L4A7z6/w640-h426/Fouling-in-Heat-Exchangers.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">CAUSES OF FOULING IN HEAT EXCHANGERS</span></h2><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Several variables contribute to fouling, <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">including water pH, <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/viscosity-chart" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">product viscosity</a>, and the roughness of component surfaces, among many others.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Together, the variables can be expressed as a fouling factor that numerically represents resistance to heat transfer — <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">or thermal resistance</span> — in your system.</span></p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">KEY FOULING FACTORS</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/dairy" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Dairy</a> applications include fats, sugars, and proteins that contribute to fouling. In <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/processed-foods" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">food</a> and <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/beverages" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">beverage</a> applications, particulate matter can clump and clog, and in <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/pharmaceutical" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">pharmaceutical</a> applications, cosmetic and pharmaceutical particles produced during processing can stick and accumulate. To help control fouling, operators pay attention to four key processing factors:</span></p><ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fluid velocity</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fluid temperature</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fluid chemistry</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Materials of fabrication</span></li></ul><div><div class="col-12 md:col-6 mb-2 " style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; flex: 0 0 50%; margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 50%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg--white" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; height: 397.219px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><figure style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 35px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Fluid Velocity" height="111" src="https://s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/csi-imgix/misc/Fluid-Velocity-Icon.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" width="400" /></figure><center style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; position: relative;"><h6 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">FLUID VELOCITY</h6></center><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In most cases, <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">fouling decreases at higher fluid velocities because increasing flow velocity increases the fluid shear stress</span>, which causes more removal of deposits.</span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">For more substantial<span> deposits, increasing the flow velocity beyond a particular point may not decrease fouling significantly. </span><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">In the case of very strong deposits, increasing flow velocity may not have any effect.</span></span></p></div></div><div class="col-12 md:col-6 mb-2 " style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; flex: 0 0 50%; margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 50%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg--white" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; height: 397.219px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><figure style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 35px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Fluid Temperature" src="https://s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/csi-imgix/misc/Fluid-Temperature-Icon.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" /></figure><center style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; position: relative;"><h6 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">FLUID TEMPERATURE</h6></center><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Water can produce scaling from minerals such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3). <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Salts deposit on the heat exchanger surface increases with an increase in temperature.</span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Similarly, biological growth can occur with an increase in temperature during food processing. Finally, proteins and fats in food products can burn if the temperature difference between the hot product outlet and the hot medial inlet is too significant.</p></div></div><div class="col-12 md:col-6 mb-2 " style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; flex: 0 0 50%; margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 50%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg--white" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; height: 445.219px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><figure style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 35px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Fluid Chemistry" src="https://s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/csi-imgix/misc/Fluid-Chemistry-Icon.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" /></figure><center style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; position: relative;"><h6 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">FLUID CHEMISTRY</h6></center><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">During milk processing, calcium phosphate and whey protein can build up on heat exchanger surfaces.</span> The fouling causes pressure drop increases by reducing the area in which the product can flow. In dairy products generally, proteins, fats, sugars, and minerals can come out of solution and</span><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">deposit on heat exchanger surfaces and foul channels.</span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">If chemical changes occur within a fluid, the difference can result in a layer of fouling on tube or plate surfaces.</span> For example, suspended salts may harden with an increase in temperature.</p></div></div><div class="col-12 md:col-6 mb-2 " style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; flex: 0 0 50%; margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 50%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg--white" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; height: 445.219px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><figure style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 35px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Materials of Fabrication" src="https://s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/csi-imgix/misc/Materials-of-Fabrication-Icon.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" /></figure><center style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; position: relative;"><h6 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">MATERIALS OF FABRICATION</h6></center><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To prevent corrosion fouling from layers of thermal-resistant material, select units fabricated with corrosion-resistant stainless steels and alloys. Plates, tubes, and entire heat exchanger units may be fabricated with <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/piping-accessories/tubing" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">AISI 304 or AISI 316L stainless steel</a>.</span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">For more corrosive, high-salt products, parts of units may be manufactured with titanium, stainless steel alloys, or <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/superalloys" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Super Alloys™</a> <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/superalloys/al-6xn" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">AL-6XN<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span></a> and <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/superalloys/hastelloy-c-22" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Hastelloy<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span> C-22</a></span></span></p></div></div></div><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: arial;">Credits: </span></div></div><div><div class="col-3" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; flex: 0 0 25%; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 25%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><figure style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 35px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Melissa Fryer - Alfa Laval" data-image="178577" src="https://s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/csi-imgix/misc/Melissa-Fryer-Alfa-Laval.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" /></figure></div><div class="col-9" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; flex: 0 0 75%; margin: 0px; max-width: 75%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><blockquote style="background: transparent; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(0, 129, 198); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.4rem; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; line-height: 1.55556; margin: 4rem 43.625px; outline: 0px; padding: 1rem 3rem; position: relative; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Melissa Fryer is the Sanitary Heat Transfer Business Development Manager for Alfa Laval’s Food Heat Transfer team. Melissa received her B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from The State University of New York at Buffalo, and brings over 25 years’ experience in specifying, calculating and troubleshooting heat exchangers in the food, beverage and dairy market. Melissa focuses on engineering solutions to meet customer needs and possesses extensive knowledge of and passion for this industry.</span></blockquote></div></div>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-84997161443777336382022-07-17T12:33:00.003-07:002022-07-17T12:36:25.154-07:00Question & answer session: Plate heat exchangers (part two)<p><span style="color: #5d9fc1; font-family: Neris; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600;">Dr Giuseppe Tommasone has been working with Plate Heat Exchangers
(PHEs) since 1979. Over the years, he has collected commonly asked
questions about the equipment. Here you can find all of the answers</span></p>
<div class="page" title="Page 1">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p><span style="color: rgb(36.500000%, 62.200000%, 75.600000%); font-family: 'Neris'; font-size: 10.000000pt; font-weight: 600;">to those frequently asked questions in one place, put together over
40+ years of experience. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhscoaVQ5XlkcL1E2zbrG5aeypaPmvKNKXZu_ZFF9MthVGfM_JHNOz8NFtBebkaip_geFgrXNAgrzOzdmVdj4aPg2jTKV0he7FEgyJg4Ez8IymfBMkqCjBzl4XygrOmnFIALAiZVEL_DB-0oToMQEANilk24AMHGp-jndrTsPmNfloZXefxb3HnQKTC/s787/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-20-54.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="653" data-original-width="787" height="531" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhscoaVQ5XlkcL1E2zbrG5aeypaPmvKNKXZu_ZFF9MthVGfM_JHNOz8NFtBebkaip_geFgrXNAgrzOzdmVdj4aPg2jTKV0he7FEgyJg4Ez8IymfBMkqCjBzl4XygrOmnFIALAiZVEL_DB-0oToMQEANilk24AMHGp-jndrTsPmNfloZXefxb3HnQKTC/w640-h531/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-20-54.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcOaodc2kVsWF5IK9pRfL09f3NrRlPuKHRdTqQI-oNLfjsT6ePQ-w7PPrQmKWdycIXabAeW1fdaOpePbHczNlRiXR1i7s7SPrPk_vfw8_u5Rtd2ScXjpUw6sn9yYGJjwxo8DbwK2Hu9cju9by3ckPu6cYwua-5GHAxzuJlwtQePpbksrYMS9Eu2Zzw/s780/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-24-41.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="780" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcOaodc2kVsWF5IK9pRfL09f3NrRlPuKHRdTqQI-oNLfjsT6ePQ-w7PPrQmKWdycIXabAeW1fdaOpePbHczNlRiXR1i7s7SPrPk_vfw8_u5Rtd2ScXjpUw6sn9yYGJjwxo8DbwK2Hu9cju9by3ckPu6cYwua-5GHAxzuJlwtQePpbksrYMS9Eu2Zzw/w640-h382/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-24-41.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5NMN4V-7IJgdE9SHT5mLyC4dOZJ6Rfg5P-yf0EVrwf0m6D1A9lAb3lvOyweLXOeAc6c-V4-d9Lkf_LH8vIMXVOt0AAXCAMbK7LKkqqP9kpDyvQeIj8TnoAZXlqGG7KA1awvOp8eAPJlf07YOvJTw6IEvQx5uQ36TjU1kqKMCJo-lfyvmwLaCiCd6M/s776/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-26-44.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="776" height="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5NMN4V-7IJgdE9SHT5mLyC4dOZJ6Rfg5P-yf0EVrwf0m6D1A9lAb3lvOyweLXOeAc6c-V4-d9Lkf_LH8vIMXVOt0AAXCAMbK7LKkqqP9kpDyvQeIj8TnoAZXlqGG7KA1awvOp8eAPJlf07YOvJTw6IEvQx5uQ36TjU1kqKMCJo-lfyvmwLaCiCd6M/w640-h550/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-26-44.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnl0pxPHHtQhLBRW8hhgr3vxM1azGDEUD7PuOSmuu46RYY1LTkKkGqQHDhqnjL6guADf-kX9V21Vik8KAqaZuhWvJ-yGPilkRswjwPgla4Pfz6r9XxZ25MDVXejXDb5_TQsKcuTZHsNjGehmGC3u7iKkZtpzJDJaA4eUK-QNq9VHRBF-KgfeYlbd4a/s776/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-27-54.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="442" data-original-width="776" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnl0pxPHHtQhLBRW8hhgr3vxM1azGDEUD7PuOSmuu46RYY1LTkKkGqQHDhqnjL6guADf-kX9V21Vik8KAqaZuhWvJ-yGPilkRswjwPgla4Pfz6r9XxZ25MDVXejXDb5_TQsKcuTZHsNjGehmGC3u7iKkZtpzJDJaA4eUK-QNq9VHRBF-KgfeYlbd4a/w640-h364/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-27-54.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdf3Emq1fjaadnkOPoIYYkRbjFusgSpPKRv7PdTh5cKAZf5ardLClW0TIg4Njt2rH2bpXE-TYly1MiEBpqMW8uXjMydCLZ13fGkd1RjHQ-hnFqVk898GBPqAaFzjx9a5uGuexk5oipnt1WTI2iAyGWshes-BSAuGsP99kPCk1boGKzY_kpSzQdj6wh/s787/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-30-21.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="568" data-original-width="787" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdf3Emq1fjaadnkOPoIYYkRbjFusgSpPKRv7PdTh5cKAZf5ardLClW0TIg4Njt2rH2bpXE-TYly1MiEBpqMW8uXjMydCLZ13fGkd1RjHQ-hnFqVk898GBPqAaFzjx9a5uGuexk5oipnt1WTI2iAyGWshes-BSAuGsP99kPCk1boGKzY_kpSzQdj6wh/w640-h462/Screenshot%20at%20Jul%2017%2021-30-21.png" width="640" /></a></div><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14.6667px; text-size-adjust: auto;">link to the digital magazine:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="NL" style="color: #00559b; font-size: 14.6667px; text-size-adjust: auto;"><a contenteditable="false" href="https://sample.kci-world.com/hew-mag/07tqmad5" style="color: purple;" title="https://sample.kci-world.com/hew-mag/07tqmad5"><span lang="EN-US">https://sample.kci-world.com/hew-mag/07tqmad5</span></a></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="NL" style="color: #00559b; font-size: 14.6667px; text-size-adjust: auto;"></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14.6667px; text-size-adjust: auto;">(You can find article on page 39)</span>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-22454358865398286682022-06-20T13:54:00.006-07:002022-06-20T13:58:52.964-07:00Continuous Helical flow to reduce fouling<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLUN9LU8KUN8OU-fgdc36oi53vuBGn6W9x8KuF_nSH3aiiZqvZcFLe1hjpZ_9QclAw9DnUPFGd1Eb8ouV6-4psAas1-aBGbpCEhVXEgAtTtrJoCC0E0NA55S2480wGy_YTZN9WECtlfv6LdycCLayaUHpvpgFhOjipaMwXkZTnTcbwczHWugFkZi08/s726/Screenshot_248.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="393" data-original-width="726" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLUN9LU8KUN8OU-fgdc36oi53vuBGn6W9x8KuF_nSH3aiiZqvZcFLe1hjpZ_9QclAw9DnUPFGd1Eb8ouV6-4psAas1-aBGbpCEhVXEgAtTtrJoCC0E0NA55S2480wGy_YTZN9WECtlfv6LdycCLayaUHpvpgFhOjipaMwXkZTnTcbwczHWugFkZi08/w640-h346/Screenshot_248.png" width="640" /></a></div><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)" face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;">Dead Zones Baffling</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit;" /><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)" face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;">Using Continuous Helical flow to reduce fouling</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit;" /><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)" face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;">It would not be an understatement to say that fouling is one of the most costly recurring problems in hydrocarbon processing and that it hits process heaters and heat exchangers the hardest.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit;" /><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)" face="-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Fira Sans", Ubuntu, Oxygen, "Oxygen Sans", Cantarell, "Droid Sans", "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;">Fouling can have a significant impact on heat transfer across the heat exchanger surface, and so likewise on both overall operational performance and total cost of maintenance.</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_s1SBf-pKRa8gRZY6U1DOJlNxCa4HeoOBeeKGVcByPEyZ-adFOOMBQ4ofEwBnPTywyvx0ZpPWl--N3SsyP3W0WgsL5vbLl6WHUDJyr4a5euvHyySRt7xPjbuVtfWefmCVyTaQq38CzA9UF1qUNCXKNoZ617xOsKB8w7fnHq-YaV9Kpear5UuzyHYU/s845/Screenshot_242.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="762" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_s1SBf-pKRa8gRZY6U1DOJlNxCa4HeoOBeeKGVcByPEyZ-adFOOMBQ4ofEwBnPTywyvx0ZpPWl--N3SsyP3W0WgsL5vbLl6WHUDJyr4a5euvHyySRt7xPjbuVtfWefmCVyTaQq38CzA9UF1qUNCXKNoZ617xOsKB8w7fnHq-YaV9Kpear5UuzyHYU/w577-h640/Screenshot_242.png" width="577" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIEiSf2yXdNglxbd3fqb0ojxKUABC6-BcenB1qVgq_sIrQkiFPzAILfJzdW7V0-4Q_mNuvsyVlaMvHy9l1PfHwsydsI5n4EjYODqqxNsN8DwUXTEoOlaJOPDWlt1qzOy9NBlbMbJNfA_1xxdTEHwIC6GyBSgRyjpJFeAYOnDuEGoS8w8o5z1An8dRC/s928/Screenshot_243.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="928" data-original-width="796" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIEiSf2yXdNglxbd3fqb0ojxKUABC6-BcenB1qVgq_sIrQkiFPzAILfJzdW7V0-4Q_mNuvsyVlaMvHy9l1PfHwsydsI5n4EjYODqqxNsN8DwUXTEoOlaJOPDWlt1qzOy9NBlbMbJNfA_1xxdTEHwIC6GyBSgRyjpJFeAYOnDuEGoS8w8o5z1An8dRC/w548-h640/Screenshot_243.png" width="548" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv26e3sGrPMA-D5rc1e0iqlKpwAResINvbyBUE-uvXwf202ktP9RXzvOLOp7iSRj6mX4ftm82ntRCwoy9hFe15yamw-3XcWwUobI6qObxDvN7gdR7YRhvsfvZVQLhnLib9W9hGTy3-KSPv2S0ocMpXO1GSYyaYgIHxFFCQravrmkSTq2J_eJE8ywTg/s900/Screenshot_244.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="770" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv26e3sGrPMA-D5rc1e0iqlKpwAResINvbyBUE-uvXwf202ktP9RXzvOLOp7iSRj6mX4ftm82ntRCwoy9hFe15yamw-3XcWwUobI6qObxDvN7gdR7YRhvsfvZVQLhnLib9W9hGTy3-KSPv2S0ocMpXO1GSYyaYgIHxFFCQravrmkSTq2J_eJE8ywTg/w548-h640/Screenshot_244.png" width="548" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqhfunqkedfYJKSA4WaLY3VjT_9BiMJ6c7bODD1wqcGHheLorfhSpF0qUl1HHmkTTFlE-Juj6n2Dj8uutbTYkPVFnUMlHRpCxZBcoPeTv5h_GdjYbC7JVZSdJzg95XiBn9eFBvuLrMuCDIkoBB2ClhbUuukycbHFHkVDOJ8V7D0H8S5PWdtP3uRZFO/s932/Screenshot_245.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="932" data-original-width="794" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqhfunqkedfYJKSA4WaLY3VjT_9BiMJ6c7bODD1wqcGHheLorfhSpF0qUl1HHmkTTFlE-Juj6n2Dj8uutbTYkPVFnUMlHRpCxZBcoPeTv5h_GdjYbC7JVZSdJzg95XiBn9eFBvuLrMuCDIkoBB2ClhbUuukycbHFHkVDOJ8V7D0H8S5PWdtP3uRZFO/w546-h640/Screenshot_245.png" width="546" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc4x27YYe12C5-0LPeNgGznuD9L3FBwV9VNcclOn0YwUg5xda38bOjF09HT2_r5nA7-SRo74PmEu8z-C9hqIHcFEHsZRAIli0yNNDZB6X_D8xuFjfZbcfHjPZZMg-K2tkR9N5Jar7Bb91UMPvIeJ88YtsYl_XgcxCDXlIKzuzSaGBUdQG2m_O3mcJa/s994/Screenshot_246.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="994" data-original-width="807" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc4x27YYe12C5-0LPeNgGznuD9L3FBwV9VNcclOn0YwUg5xda38bOjF09HT2_r5nA7-SRo74PmEu8z-C9hqIHcFEHsZRAIli0yNNDZB6X_D8xuFjfZbcfHjPZZMg-K2tkR9N5Jar7Bb91UMPvIeJ88YtsYl_XgcxCDXlIKzuzSaGBUdQG2m_O3mcJa/w520-h640/Screenshot_246.png" width="520" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyGelsF5C4d_pBLwiqK9H59xriBp6a_OGmurudO4QYcwfI30EiZHedjZnmglnFTWoVseWzcxBQ19EbD4H80VvjeDn2FyYUvGdlJcSPu34hQ9zPa13Ai0aIiq0kCygNRPZi4BK6sy0dGh9c_ZUjyJJuzC5qmDX7gRs1z8HFoVoEG8Wib3GuamFJo1Io/s231/Screenshot_247.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="60" data-original-width="231" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyGelsF5C4d_pBLwiqK9H59xriBp6a_OGmurudO4QYcwfI30EiZHedjZnmglnFTWoVseWzcxBQ19EbD4H80VvjeDn2FyYUvGdlJcSPu34hQ9zPa13Ai0aIiq0kCygNRPZi4BK6sy0dGh9c_ZUjyJJuzC5qmDX7gRs1z8HFoVoEG8Wib3GuamFJo1Io/w400-h104/Screenshot_247.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-14153386331729283372022-06-18T09:57:00.000-07:002022-06-18T09:57:08.493-07:00WHAT IS 6% MOLYBDENUM, AND WHY USE IT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO STAINLESS STEEL?<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOf5dMa9lK8OKjSZj_7jnWZqr0VFEqbKPe8g2dB_GVjW3yoDlhHvJdbyAo1mXtuivfcGWPMQX8S1u5c_dB5rcHdK8cfjXmACznGfqOennrK4FSBEocgs6_tWn22IgbTGA02gL-hgudbgT3qdcT-xYxqBYXEEukMq00vt6sjoHxRohj70dRSdozafcd/s800/super-alloy-tubing-vertical.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOf5dMa9lK8OKjSZj_7jnWZqr0VFEqbKPe8g2dB_GVjW3yoDlhHvJdbyAo1mXtuivfcGWPMQX8S1u5c_dB5rcHdK8cfjXmACznGfqOennrK4FSBEocgs6_tWn22IgbTGA02gL-hgudbgT3qdcT-xYxqBYXEEukMq00vt6sjoHxRohj70dRSdozafcd/w640-h426/super-alloy-tubing-vertical.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><p style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">If you work in the food & beverage industry, you've learned that not all process fluids are created equal. Say, for example, that you own a small, niche producer of specialty flavored ketchups and barbecue sauces. You just installed a new 316L stainless steel line in your plant less than two years ago, and it's already developing pit corrosion.</span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;">6% moly alloys offer vastly improved </span><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/case-studies/corrosion-of-stainless-steel-in-food-and-beverage" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">corrosion resistance</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"> against certain types of abrasive fluids, including those with high acid and high salt concentrations.</span></span></p><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">FIVE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF STAINLESS STEEL.</span></h2><div><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">1. AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL</span></h4><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The most popular compound due to its ductility, ease of working, and good resistance to corrosion. It is also the most widely used alloy in sanitary processing applications. The most common grade of austenitic stainless, <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Type 18-8 or 304 stainless steel, comprises 60% of the stainless steel made in the United States</span>. 316 is also an austenitic stainless-steel alloy.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6Y5wyUsmL_YLJ7Oxz1Cx9hotQLVxG0ElN_vdLCqvlZwaOmfEs_QkBTnlHHrEt5d1X_MfnOQKuLc8hV_qeDzFz_qXyHpKe4i2EY1U0kf93-1di2qumyHNX8YzYauAr52soad6fc3BbcpBnd5Ib7uJTgyP9rJsGN5WYeyVpgotP5u96it9zENNfj8QN/s500/tubing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="500" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6Y5wyUsmL_YLJ7Oxz1Cx9hotQLVxG0ElN_vdLCqvlZwaOmfEs_QkBTnlHHrEt5d1X_MfnOQKuLc8hV_qeDzFz_qXyHpKe4i2EY1U0kf93-1di2qumyHNX8YzYauAr52soad6fc3BbcpBnd5Ib7uJTgyP9rJsGN5WYeyVpgotP5u96it9zENNfj8QN/w640-h436/tubing.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">2. FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL</span></h4><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Used for highly corrosive applications, such as those found in marine environments. These alloys are hard and brittle in nature, and <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">are resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking</span>, where the metal tends to crack along its grain line under tensile stress.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">3. DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL</span></h4><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Came into use in the 1960s. These compounds are characterized by having both austenite and ferrite in their microstructures, and<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> exhibit high strength — due to the ferrite — along with good corrosion resistance and ductility — due to the austenite.</span></span></p><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">4. MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL<br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" /></span></h4><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A common compound used in applications such as knife blades and is not particularly corrosion-resistant (but <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">better than carbon steel</span>).</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p></h4><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">5. PRECIPITATION HARDENING STAINLESS STEEL</span></h4><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the most recently developed compounds. It is soft and ductile in its solution-annealed state but <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">becomes very strong and hard when subjected to relatively low precipitation hardening temperatures of around 1000°F.</span></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">As alluded to earlier, stainless steel is the primary metal typically used in sanitary processing systems, including in process pipes and fittings and the working surfaces of pumps, valves, heaters, and tanks.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">There are two primary reasons for this.</span></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">1. Compared to alternatives, including carbon steel and high-grade plastics, <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">stainless steel offers a smooth, polished surface that is easy to clean and eliminates places for pathogens and other contaminants to linger.</span></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">2. Stainless steel is also resistant to the corrosive effects of many processing fluids commonly found in both food & beverage processing and biopharmaceutical manufacturing. <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Stainless steel helps keep processes clean.</span></span></p></h4><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 1.2em 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">WHAT IS 6% MOLYBDENUM, AND WHY USE IT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO STAINLESS STEEL?</span></h2><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">6% moly alloys belong to a family of alloys known as <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/super-alloys-al-6xn-and-hastelloy-c-22-how-to-overcome-corrosion" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Super Alloys</a>. 6% moly alloys provide far superior corrosion resistance compared to stainless steel and high tensile strength.</span></p></h4></div><div><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">When added to stainless steel, molybdenum reduces the intensity of the oxidizing effect required to keep the passive layer. It also prolongs the possibility of breaking the passive film formed by chromium oxide. Simply put,<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> more molybdenum will take longer to break the passive film hence more <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/e-books/what-is-stainless-steel/what-is-corrosion" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">corrosion resistant</a>.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Molybdenum significantly increases the <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/photo-gallery/corrosion-examples" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">corrosion resistance</a> of the various austenitic stainless steels used in sanitary processing applications. For example, when chlorides come in contact with chromium, it will break the passive film, and molybdenum prolongs that process and increases the corrosion resistance. For these reasons, these <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">super alloys are widely used as an alternative to stainless steel in manufacturing processes involving high levels of chlorides and acids.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Applications include:</span></span></p><ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ketchup</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Barbecue Sauce</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Vinegar</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Buffer Solutions (found in pharmaceutical manufacturing)</span></li></ul><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">To gain an understanding of the increased corrosion protection afforded by the 6% molys, it helps to have an appreciation of what’s called the PREN. <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">The PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) is used as a guide in the processing industries to quantify, compare, and rank the corrosion resistance of a material.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The PREN number is calculated from a formula based on chemical composition. The higher the PRE Number that a material has, the more resistant it is to corrosion. By way of an example, the austenitic stainless steel 316L compound common in sanitary processing applications has a PRE Number of 23. A common moly compound, AL-6XN, has a PREN of 46. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Therefore, AL-6XN is considerably more corrosion-resistant.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b>AL-6XN</b></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">AL-6XN is a low carbon, high molybdenum super-austenitic stainless steel with excellent resistance to corrosion; high strength; and with good formability and weldability. Its chemical composition includes:</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">23-25% nickel</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">20-23% chromium</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">6-7% molybdenum</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">0-2% manganese</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">less than 1% each of carbon, nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and copper.</span></li></ul><p></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Balance Iron, at 47%, makes up the balance of the compound</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">AL-6XN is generally used in harsh conditions where good strength and excellent resistance to chloride pitting and stress-corrosion cracking are required. It is commonly used with high temperature and low pH fluids in the food processing industry.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b>ULTRA 6XN</b></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">The significant elements found in Ultra 6XN include:</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">25% nickel</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">20% chromium</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">6.5% molybdenum</span></li></ul><p></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">This super alloy exhibits extremely high resistance to both uniform and localized corrosion. Ultra 6XN is commonly used in food processing applications with fluids containing a high percentage of sodium.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b>ALLOY 926</b></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">This compound is made from:</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">24-26% nickel</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">19-20% chromium</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">6-7% molybdenum</span></li></ul><p></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Its iron composition ranges from 42-50%</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Alloy 926 exhibits excellent resistance to a variety of highly corrosive materials. The addition of nitrogen in the compound improves yield and tensile strength, while the metal's combination of molybdenum and nitrogen resists pitting and corrosion. An addition of 0.5-1.5% copper improves Alloy 926’s resistance to sulfuric acid.</span></p><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">STAINLESS STEEL 254 SMO</span></h4><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Stainless steel 254 SMO is comprised of:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">18% nickel</span></li><li><span style="color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">20% chromium</span></li><li><span style="color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">6% molybdenum</span></li><li><span style="color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">56% iron</span></li></ul><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This is a high-end austenitic stainless steel that is highly resistant to chloride stress cracking. It also offers pitting and crevice corrosion twice that of the stainless steel 300 compounds. <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Stainless steel 254 SMO is a cost-effective alternative to high nickel and titanium alloys, with excellent workability.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Credits <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/6mo">https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/6mo</a></span></span></p></div>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-64966787526598658822022-06-08T03:19:00.000-07:002022-06-08T03:19:08.491-07:00HOW TO CLEAN AND MAINTAIN YOUR HEAT EXCHANGER<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW2kGRgccwyA0sumhOCDcn7Sy2rrelmBB1aIZpPVpzC67pYmFRhZxD-iSClz8hn-MzQRE1yI1LSivxo07fbC7cpYv3VjZLEqADk4cQyCfY2Dm2EjT9akWi0kJAVShBpCyZxEOjmTetZK-R1xB01YsKxRvsUXZhRLqlmq8C4lN-VmMnEjZbQwWkXSye/s1571/PHE-plates2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1571" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW2kGRgccwyA0sumhOCDcn7Sy2rrelmBB1aIZpPVpzC67pYmFRhZxD-iSClz8hn-MzQRE1yI1LSivxo07fbC7cpYv3VjZLEqADk4cQyCfY2Dm2EjT9akWi0kJAVShBpCyZxEOjmTetZK-R1xB01YsKxRvsUXZhRLqlmq8C4lN-VmMnEjZbQwWkXSye/w488-h640/PHE-plates2.jpg" width="488" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> Degraded heat exchanger performance from fouling or aging results in extra operating and energy costs to compensate for gaps in the target temperature. Cleaning and maintenance of heat exchangers is therefore important to keeping systems running efficiently. <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Regular maintenance ensures equipment is in working condition and helps prevent emergency repairs.</span> The cost of cleaning a heat exchanger is small compared to the cost of lost production should a heat exchanger require an unscheduled shutdown.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Product or chemical deposits on heat-transfer surfaces weaken an exchanger’s heat-transfer capacity and must be cleaned away regularly to maintain high performance and prevent disruption of processing. Heat exchanger fouling, or the unwanted accumulation of deposits on heat-transfer surfaces, can result in several costs:<br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Production loss from shutdowns</span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Maintenance costs for removal of heavy fouling deposits</span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Replacement of plugged equipment</span></li></ul><ol style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; counter-reset: slideNum 0; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Deposits that affect heat exchanger performance occur as fouling and aging.</span></p></li></ol><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fouling is the freshly deposited material on contact surfaces</span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Aging occurs close to the surface of heat transfer components</span></span></li></ul><div><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Three key factors play into the frequency and degree of fouling:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Fluid temperature</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Nature of the fluid</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Fluid velocity</span></li></ul><div><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">1. FLUID TEMPERATURE</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Water can produce scaling from minerals such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Salts deposit on the heat exchanger surface with increases in temperature. Similarly with increase in temperature during <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/processed-foods" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">food</a> processing, biological growth can occur.</p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">2. NATURE OF THE FLUID</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">During <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/dairy" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">milk processing</a>, for example, fouling leads to a rise in pressure drop across the exchanger by reducing flow from the growth of deposits. In dairy industries, proteins, fats, sugars, and minerals from milk and dairy products that can come out of solution and deposit on heat exchanger surfaces and <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/cleaning-and-maintaining-your-heat-exchanger#notes" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">foul channels</a>.</p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">3. FLUID VELOCITY</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">In most cases, fouling decreases at higher fluid velocities because increasing flow velocity increases the fluid shear stress which causes more removal of deposits. For particulate fouling, increasing the flow velocity may completely eliminate fouling.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">But for stronger deposits, increasing the flow velocity beyond a particular point may not decrease fouling significantly, and in the case of very strong deposits, increasing flow velocity may not have any effect.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">CLEANING-IN-PLACE (CIP)</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/what-is-clean-in-place-cip" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cleaning-In-Place</a> (CIP) equipment can clean plate heat exchangers without disassembly. CIP is a combination of time, temperature and concentration. CIP provides both <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/clean-in-place-cip-cycle-4-chemicals-commonly-used" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">chemical</a> and mechanical cleaning to the heat exchanger. If system configuration prohibits CIP, operators must perform manual cleaning.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">CIP cleaning of heat exchangers typically includes several goals:</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Cleaning lime deposits</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Passivating surfaces to reduce susceptibility to corrosion</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Neutralizing cleaning chemicals before draining.</span></li></ul><div><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">THE IMPORTANCE OF FLOW RATE</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The proper flow </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">rate ensures effective mechanical action of fluids during cleaning. Some manufacturers recommended approximately 1 ft/sec velocity across heat exchanger plates, but requirements vary by manufacturer.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">The flow rate during the cleaning of the product side should always be at least the same as the production’s flow rate.</em></span> An increased flow rate may be required in some cases--for example, in milk sterilisation and the processing of viscous liquids or liquids containing particles.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">RECOMMENDED LIMITS FOR CLEANING SOLUTIONS</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">• 5% by volume caustic at a maximum of 70°C</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">• 0.5% by weight acid solution at a maximum of 70°C</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Manufacturers can provide more detailed information about cleaning and sterilization for specific equipment.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">BASIC CHEMICAL CLEANING PROCESS</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Chemical cleaning in CIP offers several advantages:</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Quicker cleaning process</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Less labor intensity</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Cleans components that mechanical cleaning can’t do</span></li></ul><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Operators typically follow four steps in the chemical cleaning process in CIP:</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Alkaline clean: removes build-up of organic materials</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Rinse: generally completed with a high-flow water flusher to remove loose debris and remaining residue from the alkaline step</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Acid cleaning: helps dissolve and soften fouling materials more deeply</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Final rinse</span></li></ul><div><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div><div><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">CHOOSING THE RIGHT CLEANING AGENTS</span></h2><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Selecting the right chemicals for cleaning heat exchangers is important to ensure proper cleaning and to avoid damaging exchanger components. For example, the following solvents and other cleaning agents can damage heat exchanger plates and gaskets:</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Ketones such as Acetone, Methyletylketone, Methylisobutylketone</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Esters such as Ethylacetate, Butylacetate</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Halogenated hydrocarbons such as Chlorothene, Carbon tetrachloride, Freons</span></li><li><span style="color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Aromatics such as Benzene, Toluene</span></li></ul><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">CLEANING AGENTS TO USE, BY PURPOSE</span></h3><h4 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">INCRUSTATION, SCALING</span></h4><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Cleaning incrustation or scaling is a process of removing calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, or silicates from plate surfaces</em>. Cleaning agents must be compatible with both the plate metal and the composition of gaskets.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">In the case of titanium and stainless steel plates, never use hydrochloric acid. Also, never use water of more than 300 ppm of chlorine during the preparation of cleaning solutions. Chlorine, commonly used as growth inhibitor in cooling water systems, reduces the corrosion resistance of stainless steels, including <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/superalloys/hastelloy-c-22" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hastelloy</a>, Incoloy, Inconel and SMO. <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/case-studies/failure-of-clean-in-place-cip-return-piping-in-dairy-foods-processing" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Chlorine weakens</a> the protection layer of these steels, making them more susceptible to <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/case-studies/corrosion-of-stainless-steel-in-food-and-beverage" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">corrosion attacks</a> than they otherwise should be. In every case where chlorination of non-titanium equipment cannot be avoided, you must consult your equipment supplier.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">REMOVING SEDIMENT</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Sediment most commonly consists of metal Oxides, silt, Alumina, and Diatomic organisms and their excrement. Sediment accumulates because heat releases minerals and other particles from fluids during processing cycles, and those settle and deposit on heat transfer surfaces.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZHigiEaeOywXiqUVJ4A2nuhWj6wxR9dElJNDqEtj8oMicJVb_ag_imAfu1OjgMRv10BE36NY4RbLogttEaAsFNpM2-I2IfxcmVXnOU1U-ZsvPU88ukyKqEda5YV3ByCKagp1F42RxSWDF73ZxXqXcFLYW9lI1Nx9IR6kJ-_c57zgTKQhfTHmX6Dl4/s660/638739.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="660" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZHigiEaeOywXiqUVJ4A2nuhWj6wxR9dElJNDqEtj8oMicJVb_ag_imAfu1OjgMRv10BE36NY4RbLogttEaAsFNpM2-I2IfxcmVXnOU1U-ZsvPU88ukyKqEda5YV3ByCKagp1F42RxSWDF73ZxXqXcFLYW9lI1Nx9IR6kJ-_c57zgTKQhfTHmX6Dl4/w640-h290/638739.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">You should never use hydrochloric acid with stainless steel or titanium plates because the acid causes general corrosion, pitting, and stress corrosion cracking.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">REMOVING BIOLOGICAL GROWTH</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">When using heat exchangers to increase the temperature of processed foods, biological growth such as bacteria, nematodes, and protozoa can occur. Removing the growth requires the same attention to plate and gasket composition as for incrustation.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">REGASKETING</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" /></h3><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">For clip-on gaskets, the regasketing process is as easy as taking the current gasket off and clipping a new one on.</p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">FOR GLUED GASKETS</span></h3><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Remove the old gasket</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Clean the sealing surface until it is free of foreign matter such as fat, grease or other soil.</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Check the new gasket and remove rubber residual before attaching.</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Clip on a new gasket or apply glue as required by gasket type</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Perform heat treatment to set the glued gasket according to manufacturer’s instructions.</span></li></ul><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">The new gasket is wrongly positioned if it rises out of the gasket groove or is positioned outside the groove.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><h2 style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">ADDITIONAL MAINTENANCE</span><span style="font-size: 3.6rem;"> </span></h2><p style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Pressure testing must be performed by a person authorized according to local laws and regulations.</p><p style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">A hydrostatic leakage test confirms the internal and external sealing function of the heat exchanger. The specialist tests one media side at a time with the other side open to the ambient pressure. In a multi-pass set up, all sections of the same side must be tested simultaneously.<br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" /></p><p style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Regular maintenance keeps the heat exchanger in good working orders and makes opening and closing more efficient</span>.</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Keep the carrying bar and guiding bar clean with paraffin oil.</span></li><li><span style="color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Keep the tightening bolts cleaned for ease of opening, closing, and adjusting the A dimension.</span></li><li><span style="color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Lubricate threads of tightening bolts with an EP (extreme pressure) grease. For example, use Gleitmo 800 or its equivalent.</span></li><li><span style="color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Grease the suspension wheels on the pressure plate and the connection plates.</span></li></ul><p style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">If stainless steel surfaces of the frame plate, pressure plate and connection plates are glass blasted, they should be cleaned with a cloth wetted with paraffin oil.</p><h3 style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 2em 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">HEAT EXCHANGER MONITORING</span></h3><p style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Heat exchange monitoring helps to keep the heat exchange system running effectively</p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Inlet and outlet temperature for cold fluid</span></li><li><span style="color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Inlet and outlet temperature for hot fluid</span></li><li><span style="color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Mass flow rates for both cold and hot fluids</span></li><li><span style="color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Pressure change across the heat exchanger for both hot and cold fluids</span></li></ol><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Credits: <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/cleaning-and-maintaining-your-heat-exchanger">https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/cleaning-and-maintaining-your-heat-exchanger</a></p></div>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-77789732945831156942022-05-18T07:47:00.000-07:002022-05-18T07:47:08.151-07:00Question & answer session: Plate heat exchangers (part one)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1K1eUcjgTaeBPcfLVaowPqIs723dcpm5G-_pxpSVLlYVt7HmJSte_bSxiXc-oFaz5uPq-8umYUdLsXwfFdgYnSY5MaqzdfZtSux1qgMpPBhsmOIJOdKDo3ti0p5WY-RFKaEPIZrZfAscepEQwAv2s-j7bvnOmZS5YhpIlqLIcBGqsNiAK0wPSj54j/s903/Screenshot_213.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="903" data-original-width="621" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1K1eUcjgTaeBPcfLVaowPqIs723dcpm5G-_pxpSVLlYVt7HmJSte_bSxiXc-oFaz5uPq-8umYUdLsXwfFdgYnSY5MaqzdfZtSux1qgMpPBhsmOIJOdKDo3ti0p5WY-RFKaEPIZrZfAscepEQwAv2s-j7bvnOmZS5YhpIlqLIcBGqsNiAK0wPSj54j/s16000/Screenshot_213.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIXWbBnvlmr_W3qqASMrv6Mvm2dZnQL_QQiKI1Wc_kPMc7E7j1t4_OqtNYvtxUEEFU5ruRVST8nroWpeooN8QL0PMjT43FBR-q7-TJLwggxTeyn3fMSubvPlKTVap8toxdU0QeLR2pIMOuIC_sG14V42JJKzzsyRi2AwurSwvgLbGc02TtPV1rkq00/s904/Screenshot_214.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="629" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIXWbBnvlmr_W3qqASMrv6Mvm2dZnQL_QQiKI1Wc_kPMc7E7j1t4_OqtNYvtxUEEFU5ruRVST8nroWpeooN8QL0PMjT43FBR-q7-TJLwggxTeyn3fMSubvPlKTVap8toxdU0QeLR2pIMOuIC_sG14V42JJKzzsyRi2AwurSwvgLbGc02TtPV1rkq00/s16000/Screenshot_214.png" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJJYrEEbOF8-wLTRVZJmDWXRlZVM_3l791u7dx6kv7EVI8NTngwKLqYV7hn8XSm2f0_RrpXkno3DzcBUWRjJLzBeMymVM7jsHvbedpw1WbOVXtMD52n9YNzsz6uIs_p3hZSrAvH69bUmxQlgb5dIysjxerrUdemDPS193VZAYrIInOdAYAVKdjQd9M/s903/Screenshot_215.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="903" data-original-width="621" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJJYrEEbOF8-wLTRVZJmDWXRlZVM_3l791u7dx6kv7EVI8NTngwKLqYV7hn8XSm2f0_RrpXkno3DzcBUWRjJLzBeMymVM7jsHvbedpw1WbOVXtMD52n9YNzsz6uIs_p3hZSrAvH69bUmxQlgb5dIysjxerrUdemDPS193VZAYrIInOdAYAVKdjQd9M/s16000/Screenshot_215.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-43162687095154281332022-04-08T07:08:00.000-07:002022-04-08T07:08:09.199-07:00TOP 7 REASONS TO PURCHASE A PLATE-AND-FRAME INSTEAD OF A SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER (Part2)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk7so8VIItSw8ruJerrv8L0LoeyA4_l0WGgTFvcuW2SMNKC3RyNOQB_vk1fOM9wfpu7z4EI5focZnwzz1xm8ua9CM8QWxuBQQB1SSGOt5zALmf6EJM3_weo-hQQ3tKHvFjD03jIJu0FD-FA4OqgQwT9FY1BC-mydURqcE_he1oO4JxSRwdxtt4C4KI/s579/Screenshot_197.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="314" data-original-width="579" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk7so8VIItSw8ruJerrv8L0LoeyA4_l0WGgTFvcuW2SMNKC3RyNOQB_vk1fOM9wfpu7z4EI5focZnwzz1xm8ua9CM8QWxuBQQB1SSGOt5zALmf6EJM3_weo-hQQ3tKHvFjD03jIJu0FD-FA4OqgQwT9FY1BC-mydURqcE_he1oO4JxSRwdxtt4C4KI/w640-h348/Screenshot_197.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">3. REDUCED MAINTENANCE</span></h2><div><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">High-quality plate-and-frame heat exchangers can operate efficiently for ten years without maintenance. </span>Plates are easy to access for inspection or cleaning in place. Cleaning intervals depend on amounts of <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/fouling-in-heat-exchangers" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">fouling or scaling</a>.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Plate heat exchangers are much easier to maintain and operate than shell-and-tube because <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">they’re easier to take apart and inspect.</span> You can easily remove plates for <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/company/hygienic-fluid-handling-capabilities/service-maintenance" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">service or repair</a>, whereas <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">shell-and-tube models are more labor-intensive and harder to access internally.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Product buildup or scale coating on surfaces reduces the heat exchanger’s thermal efficiency. Because of plate and frame exchangers’ smaller, modular design,<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> they are faster and easier to clean than larger shell-and-tube units.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></p><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">4. FOOTPRINT IS SMALLER</span></h2></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The surface area in a plate heat exchanger is made compact because of the stacking of the plates. This stacking reduces the footprint of the plate heat exchanger vs a tubular heat exchanger even for units with the same amount of surface area. As Fig. 5 illustrates, making the compact size of a plate heat exchanger also important to applications with tight spaces.</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiplBpeyshKiuuEH7G4BD4q4e8zDbpyrPuQ9GEI2gY57YYy_2hjVzmgi9FAu3PIfqBfCVOKGagGN_p2bOFNzAKdAqNlHSJqYhR4r0R6z2jlJQaYEKS9JtLDyJvsi3Pu6yLBjEO8Aikr7_5Zelxkh3IDk87eRfrBXV0KAl64lTVBEw3BvGRvi9p-aEC/s675/Screenshot_191.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="294" data-original-width="675" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiplBpeyshKiuuEH7G4BD4q4e8zDbpyrPuQ9GEI2gY57YYy_2hjVzmgi9FAu3PIfqBfCVOKGagGN_p2bOFNzAKdAqNlHSJqYhR4r0R6z2jlJQaYEKS9JtLDyJvsi3Pu6yLBjEO8Aikr7_5Zelxkh3IDk87eRfrBXV0KAl64lTVBEw3BvGRvi9p-aEC/w400-h174/Screenshot_191.png" width="400" /></a></div></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #9da6ab; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-center;">Fig. 5. Smaller footprint and greater scalability make plate heat exchangers the best choice in applications where space is limited or scale flexibility is required.</span></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #9da6ab;"><span style="font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #626875; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">5. EXPANDABILITY</span></h2><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;">If a need to expand heat transfer capacity is likely,</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> plate heat exchangers are an excellent choice because you can change capacity easily by adding or removing plates.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"> Planning for future expansion includes sizing of the plate heat exchanger for its initial duty plus space allowance for plate capacity and easy field installation. </span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Shell-and-tube capacities cannot be modified.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Technical note:</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"> Adding plates to a PHE decreases </span><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/what-is-pressure-drop-and-how-does-it-affect-your-processing-system" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">pressure drop</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"> for identical flow rates as long as the channels (number of plates per direction) are increased and the passes (alternating directions of flow) remain the same, similar to what happens when increasing pipe diameter. In contrast, adding passes increases pressure drop, similar to what happens when increasing pipe length (Fig. 4).</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO98VcB5Pc5nE6ZWhu-TYZSzjkoG83nFBcq1a3DYDkzIn15gVXxiaEbswbUka18JkYi5ZvOUv6930JvRC-wnmi-_enDv3xVv0I5dSW5WUy9WCAUFTC4Vq8jBhYpCbBVXLm4GV1xFO336ircR_hyp1s7A_99QLK40TyFjdp0fb6ari4CVWnvgqofpY1/s1057/Screenshot_198.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="1057" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO98VcB5Pc5nE6ZWhu-TYZSzjkoG83nFBcq1a3DYDkzIn15gVXxiaEbswbUka18JkYi5ZvOUv6930JvRC-wnmi-_enDv3xVv0I5dSW5WUy9WCAUFTC4Vq8jBhYpCbBVXLm4GV1xFO336ircR_hyp1s7A_99QLK40TyFjdp0fb6ari4CVWnvgqofpY1/w640-h284/Screenshot_198.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-gcvRgZrqhvzfVja9RNluCTxtBuz19nkw6fSpoiENNpXhEqgQeYWXuUwMxy7ZKwKlxzJU7zLlQMHKoMEwLR6LqHuYpDtRwbj7w3INStHlptxghTlRLy1CYyDESjjGu9bbza_wI1F3XKUgWNCRt15zQi8rgVzOZTXjnJ1oDrfKtZ2ivKCgAA4IzGvW/s1008/Screenshot_199.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="452" data-original-width="1008" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-gcvRgZrqhvzfVja9RNluCTxtBuz19nkw6fSpoiENNpXhEqgQeYWXuUwMxy7ZKwKlxzJU7zLlQMHKoMEwLR6LqHuYpDtRwbj7w3INStHlptxghTlRLy1CYyDESjjGu9bbza_wI1F3XKUgWNCRt15zQi8rgVzOZTXjnJ1oDrfKtZ2ivKCgAA4IzGvW/w640-h286/Screenshot_199.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #9da6ab; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-center;">Fig. 4. Adding plates to a PHE decreases pressure drop, while adding passes increases pressure drop.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #9da6ab; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><br /></span></div><div><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">6. CAPITAL EXPENSE</span></h2></div><div><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cost of ownership is always a critical factor in the decision-making process.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> A plate heat exchanger is the lowest cost option because it can achieve high heat transfer coefficients — with pure counter current flow — giving the most efficient heat transfer and lowest surface area.</span> Maintenance cost is also reasonably low, especially compared to scraped-surface heat exchangers. The main expense is the replacement of gaskets and, occasionally, of plates.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The close temperature approach, meaning a cold fluid being heated to a temperature that is very close to the temperature of the entering hot fluid, <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">allows more regeneration and heat recovery, making a plate heat exchanger a good option</span>. Smaller temperature variances between product and media also prevent burn-on in products with moderate to high sugar or protein content.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In addition to the capital expense for the equipment,<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> capital costs can include shipping, handling, installation, and maintenance over the unit’s lifetime.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></p><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">7. TYPES OF PLATES</span></h2></div><div><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Plate and frame heat exchangers can be adapter for a variety of product viscosities.</span></span></p><ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">For viscous products, PHE requires proper plate selection.</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">For products with particulate, PHE requires a special plate with low contact points and/or wider gap.</span></li></ul><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In cases when a PHE has difficulty handling viscous products, it’s typically because it was initially designed for use with fluids of very low viscosity but later used with highly viscous product.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">PHE can be adapted to more viscous or particulate products with the exchange of standard-gap (3-5mm) chevron plates for wide-stream plates for fine particulate (same gap but fewer contact points than chevron plates), or wide-gap (up to 8mm) plates that can process larger particulates and higher viscosity. <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Fig 3. illustrates a range of PHE and plate gap choices by product fiber length, pulp density, and viscosity.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB7LPuF2jW9mSsYXgx91T3_daHNwig15bRZ0woSI4oLS59EdVGnRqQLTaKpBtlSCCZEGuLX4b_zWDiRKS8nf7q3WMimtSJkmnfSy5TKAnKJNTC5YUsKnFWiR8amDeIWkYVpYxKw28kPzZpzLFscJDoEh_naudM4ZYI25Lg1iuBX-HBQIK7xH6x6-KE/s591/Screenshot_200.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="363" data-original-width="591" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB7LPuF2jW9mSsYXgx91T3_daHNwig15bRZ0woSI4oLS59EdVGnRqQLTaKpBtlSCCZEGuLX4b_zWDiRKS8nf7q3WMimtSJkmnfSy5TKAnKJNTC5YUsKnFWiR8amDeIWkYVpYxKw28kPzZpzLFscJDoEh_naudM4ZYI25Lg1iuBX-HBQIK7xH6x6-KE/w640-h394/Screenshot_200.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2n86nJzbrnIYjcCk44l2vdWygiDDESnHKD2x-GlOgBgAq6zGeQbSsuKI83JjkaPWdafCxn86cf2W1L45pSYXT85gEMA05fOSyMD3KogLCgEwuCtQN73WdTAtuZLGnLKa4XSABX0XhKnx1eNfdGYpgUMc3uZSUmE4sIR36IsZuUBbRsk3CnC4_esh4/s575/Screenshot_201.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="575" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2n86nJzbrnIYjcCk44l2vdWygiDDESnHKD2x-GlOgBgAq6zGeQbSsuKI83JjkaPWdafCxn86cf2W1L45pSYXT85gEMA05fOSyMD3KogLCgEwuCtQN73WdTAtuZLGnLKa4XSABX0XhKnx1eNfdGYpgUMc3uZSUmE4sIR36IsZuUBbRsk3CnC4_esh4/w640-h420/Screenshot_201.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNcxw2_nUAKJ6NtvFwezYJ7YsR4x7XwGFurh3HW8la-sFpUyfNBJGOBSkP2YIsnQZtPI_2onxFz3fsbBCcF8ohngsGjCqa9uTRVZkXEHmVdYJ6EHLYqdBVfT1qcsDIo8NrqhLRyDNsDa0R68g3moxLdeK7GU4M1QCGKMKz_KpvquSn8GbGRIt42XLM/s583/Screenshot_202.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="373" data-original-width="583" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNcxw2_nUAKJ6NtvFwezYJ7YsR4x7XwGFurh3HW8la-sFpUyfNBJGOBSkP2YIsnQZtPI_2onxFz3fsbBCcF8ohngsGjCqa9uTRVZkXEHmVdYJ6EHLYqdBVfT1qcsDIo8NrqhLRyDNsDa0R68g3moxLdeK7GU4M1QCGKMKz_KpvquSn8GbGRIt42XLM/w640-h410/Screenshot_202.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuIZgwhZEGTdiGPeDAAGbMYVbWO5-4kS0a6_ATgcosHWE-tX2JIYwv5LIiuhKXfNpFqYKR06tfKpLto7lrdpQYnxUTfbzZSJBxCtgXKmZpJi0ZOfFvzmSEGKdRwlVLaX1bE4by1sgY0kXo0GTmUn-oEBle8scGXMy4W3xyxu4X4Zr1Rb3ekSlXrRJN/s829/Screenshot_203.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="153" data-original-width="829" height="118" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuIZgwhZEGTdiGPeDAAGbMYVbWO5-4kS0a6_ATgcosHWE-tX2JIYwv5LIiuhKXfNpFqYKR06tfKpLto7lrdpQYnxUTfbzZSJBxCtgXKmZpJi0ZOfFvzmSEGKdRwlVLaX1bE4by1sgY0kXo0GTmUn-oEBle8scGXMy4W3xyxu4X4Zr1Rb3ekSlXrRJN/w640-h118/Screenshot_203.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;">Despite the prevalence of shell and tube and tubular heat exchangers, a Plate and Frame heat exchanger will always be the most efficient and cost effective form of heat transfer for products with fine particulate and low to medium viscosity.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; position: relative;" /><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" />~ Melissa Fryer, Sanitary Heat Transfer Business Development Manager, <a href="https://www.alfalaval.us/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Alfa Laval</a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><h2 style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">SUMMARY: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PLATE AND FRAME HEAT EXCHANGERS</span></h2><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><h4 style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">ADVANTAGES</span></h4><ul style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Relatively inexpensive compared with other designs</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Excellent <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/cleaning-systems/clean-in-place" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">CIP-ability</a></span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Easy to clean and maintain</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">High heat regeneration</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">High turbulence</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Replaceable gaskets</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Easy to increase/decrease capacity</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Smaller footprint than shell-and-tube designs</span></li></ul><div><h4 style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></h4><h4 style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">DISADVANTAGES</span></h4><ul style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Relatively low operating temperature</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Maintenance cost due to gaskets</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Not for use with products of very high viscosity or with very large particulates</span></li></ul></div></div></div>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-3685647620583320262022-04-01T11:30:00.006-07:002022-04-01T11:37:55.307-07:00TOP 7 REASONS TO PURCHASE A PLATE-AND-FRAME INSTEAD OF A SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinB7QuC7FXnuCLOS7YsypiIdTqfVvDXUc7YWMmurl-SQTqpd1o6uzf8ISNGmhhN18TAZWXr7Hc_fXjez-kbZboyaKK0cUnWjkcXd3-Q0CAdyBA0cWqgaEEX7gIJ3ab186VufdVGBs9i48FK6211C8k4YUtnFE6WFeQDKeguoKVzKcyScZDcMRxiGVT/s1024/AdobeStock_275887954-1024x1024.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinB7QuC7FXnuCLOS7YsypiIdTqfVvDXUc7YWMmurl-SQTqpd1o6uzf8ISNGmhhN18TAZWXr7Hc_fXjez-kbZboyaKK0cUnWjkcXd3-Q0CAdyBA0cWqgaEEX7gIJ3ab186VufdVGBs9i48FK6211C8k4YUtnFE6WFeQDKeguoKVzKcyScZDcMRxiGVT/w640-h640/AdobeStock_275887954-1024x1024.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-size: 16px;">As the two most common </span><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/heat-exchangers" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">heat exchangers</a><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/e-books/guide-to-heat-exchangers/plate-and-frame-heat-exchanger" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">plate-and-frame</a><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-size: 16px;"> and </span><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/types-of-heat-exchangers" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">shell-and-tube</a><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #626875; font-size: 16px;"> designs, both have a lot to offer when you want to heat or cool a product during processing. </span><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/how-do-heat-exchangers-work" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Heat exchangers work</a> by transferring heat from one media to another via tubes or plates.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">In some applications, however, plate heat exchangers (PHE) have <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/the-benefits-of-heat-exchangers" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">several advantages</a> over shell-and-tube designs. </p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">I</span><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">n this post, we discuss application requirements that make PHE the right choice.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">In the following sections, we will show you how a plate heat exchange is the<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> P.E.R.F.E.C.T.</span> choice for your next heat-transfer solution.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><ol style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; counter-reset: slideNum 0; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-why-purchase-plate-and-frame#pressure" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">P</span>ressure Drop is Lower</span></a></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-why-purchase-plate-and-frame#efficiency" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">E</span>fficiency</span></a></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-why-purchase-plate-and-frame#reduced" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">R</span>educed Maintenance</span></a></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-why-purchase-plate-and-frame#footprint" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">F</span>ootprint is Smaller</span></a></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-why-purchase-plate-and-frame#expandability" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">E</span>xpandability</span></a></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-why-purchase-plate-and-frame#capital" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">C</span>apital Expense</span></a></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-why-purchase-plate-and-frame#types" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">T</span>ypes of Plates</span></a></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideNum 1; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></li></ol><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">1. PRESSURE DROPS ARE LOWER<br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" /></span></h2><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Due to the lower area required with a PHE, PHE designs typically have an overall pressure drop substantially lower than a tubular designed for the same specifications. This lower pressure drop adds to the overall energy efficiency of a PHE over a tubular heat exchanger.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Plate heat exchangers are up to five times more efficient than shell-and-tube designs.</span> In many cases, you can utilize more heat by replacing existing shell-and-tube models with compact plate and frame heat exchangers.<br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" /></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The series of plates in a plate-and-frame heat exchanger creates gasketed spaces between plates. These spaces alternate between two fluids—one hot and one cold.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The design delivers very high heat transfer efficiency because the plates create a surface area that’s much larger than shell-and-tube designs that would fit in the same space.</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">2. EFFICIENCY</span></h2><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Typically, a plate heat exchanger is the right choice because they’re the most efficient and least expensive option.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></p><blockquote style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(0, 129, 198); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.4rem; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.55556; margin: 4rem 28.75px; outline: 0px; padding: 1rem 3rem; position: relative; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Plate heat exchangers are up to five times more efficient than shell-and-tube designs.</span></blockquote><ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Higher heat transfer coefficients can be attained due to the corrugated plates and higher velocities</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Closer temperature approaches due to pure counter current flow, allowing for more heat transfer</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Higher amount of regeneration possible due to these closer temperature approaches</span></li></ul><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The series of gaskets in a plate-and-frame heat exchanger creates spaces and formed flow paths between plates. These spaces alternate between two fluids—one hot and one cold (Fig. 1).</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Plate Heat Exchanger" height="320" src="https://s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/csi-imgix/products/types-of-heat-exchangers-heat-flow.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;" width="291" /></p><figcaption style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9da6ab; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.5rem 0px 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><center style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;">Fig 1: The design delivers very high heat transfer efficiency because the plates create a surface area that’s much larger than shell-and-tube designs that would fit in the same space.</center><center style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;"><br /></center></figcaption><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><figcaption style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9da6ab; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.5rem 0px 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><center style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; text-align: left;"><div class="col-12 mb-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; flex: 0 0 100%; margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg--white" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; height: 122px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><h3 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (U VALUE)</span></h3><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">The heat transfer coefficient describes the heat energy transferred by the two designs</span> (PHE vs. Shell and tube, Fig. 2, below). The coefficient is a multiplier in the heat transfer equation, so a higher number means more heat transfer occurs. PHE's achieve their improved heat transfer coefficients while having a much smaller footprint and lower weight than their shell-and-tube counterparts.</span></p></div></div></center></figcaption></blockquote><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><figcaption style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9da6ab; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.5rem 0px 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><center style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkGCLlgj3EuczdAZEwrVXhXl465_VAUuwVvZ1vuBXM3BeB8INNt6DZeYwMAZGOKyi9zTJs7gmRSxCJpJ9jDvYcnpkXypqi7EuTX0TCq8npQTSyDajTkL1YKwZudMfkdHqXK10qGftNLA41ChwfNFGvl5hNfmadRT9bc0DDyXi-KcLDzJsFVO2J8aNm/s791/Screenshot_190.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="791" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkGCLlgj3EuczdAZEwrVXhXl465_VAUuwVvZ1vuBXM3BeB8INNt6DZeYwMAZGOKyi9zTJs7gmRSxCJpJ9jDvYcnpkXypqi7EuTX0TCq8npQTSyDajTkL1YKwZudMfkdHqXK10qGftNLA41ChwfNFGvl5hNfmadRT9bc0DDyXi-KcLDzJsFVO2J8aNm/w532-h141/Screenshot_190.png" width="532" /></a></div></center></figcaption></blockquote><p><br /></p><h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESSED FLUIDS</span></h3><div><div class="col-12 mb-2" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; flex: 0 0 100%; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg--white" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; height: 142px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Heat transfer inside a heat exchanger results in temperature changes in both fluids, lowering the temperature of the warmer fluid and raising the temperature of the cooler fluid.</span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Fluid properties partially determine the type of heat exchanger for the application.</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" /></p></div></div><div class="col-6 mb-2" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #626875; flex: 0 0 50%; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; max-width: 50%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg--white" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; height: 165px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><h4 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">FLUID TYPES</span></h4><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Water</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Oils</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Chemicals</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cosmetics</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pharmaceuticals</span></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-6 mb-2" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 0 0 50%; margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; max-width: 50%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg--white" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; height: 165px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><h4 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3c3f42; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.15385; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">THERMAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS</span></h4><ul style="color: #626875; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: left;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Temperature</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">pH</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Flow rate</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Corrosiveness</span></li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Viscosity </span></li></ul><div><span face="Lato, sans-serif" style="color: #626875; font-size: medium;">(continue)</span></div></div></div></div>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-83835129035040837032022-03-22T11:53:00.002-07:002022-03-22T11:53:59.209-07:00FOULING IN HEAT EXCHANGERS - MAINTENANCE<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9bxsL6WDmj4V7Pfq5IQuL4xGYpKsNfbWB18HMwCzxHlxbWJ-ruSDFAvydKF6S-T9OhLNiU0EagQWPts8jtHQQ2D6SEKWW9zlmt09w0eywJ8pmvg0vpSZM77RaIceXusg96vS6Q4Jr1RPuFmj_LUiDD-7p1V87QMLxFxBbBXOKr8VehjmJHKgm5SAS/s750/Heat-Exchanger-Fouling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="501" data-original-width="750" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9bxsL6WDmj4V7Pfq5IQuL4xGYpKsNfbWB18HMwCzxHlxbWJ-ruSDFAvydKF6S-T9OhLNiU0EagQWPts8jtHQQ2D6SEKWW9zlmt09w0eywJ8pmvg0vpSZM77RaIceXusg96vS6Q4Jr1RPuFmj_LUiDD-7p1V87QMLxFxBbBXOKr8VehjmJHKgm5SAS/w640-h428/Heat-Exchanger-Fouling.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Fouling is the formation of unwanted material deposits on heat transfer surfaces during process heating and cooling.</span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">It occurs in all <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">industries</a> and <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/heat-exchangers" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">heat exchanger</a> designs, with impacts ranging from heat transfer degradation to flow resistance and <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/what-is-pressure-drop-and-how-does-it-affect-your-processing-system" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">pressure drops</a>. By forming a kind of insulation on heat-transfer surfaces and reducing heat transfer, <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">fouling undermines heat exchange efficiency</span></p><div><h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium; letter-spacing: -0.04em;">COSTS OF FOULING</span></h2></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;">Fouling prevention for heat exchangers is typically focused around the heat exchangers itself, however the fouling and heat exchanger performance can be affected by system characteristics that are present both before and after the heat exchanger. These characteristics can include varying product properties, product handling prior to the heat exchanger and operational performance of other equipment, such as pumps, valves and back pressure.</span><em style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative;" /><br /></em></div><div><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">In short, the costs of fouling are many and varied.</span></p><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; font-style: normal; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Production inefficiencies from pressure drops and poor heat transfer</li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Maintenance time and equipment for removal of heavy fouling deposits</li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/products/cleaning-systems" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Cleaning equipment</a> & chemicals</li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Hazardous cleaning solution disposal</li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Reduced service life and added energy costs</li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Production loss from shutdowns</li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Replacement of plugged equipment</li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Decreased regeneration efficiency</li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></li></ul><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRNPFolwkaxxQXx3kT6x-o6IXJZQYPGL8izQcna_bF-O1vOMZxFGVdhhSia4hJOpbG83Cau2iWx2LVAv-CJqh1u6hm6gL9VN6OtSd3Tga2yduzmi7ZuyId9fNwOqR5ZBpVb7VY-I3mzKvaRurtMgiWob8Std2ga-j07ZiR-CrmG7-dWIH0EzrL6b4N/s750/Fouling-in-Heat-Exchangers2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRNPFolwkaxxQXx3kT6x-o6IXJZQYPGL8izQcna_bF-O1vOMZxFGVdhhSia4hJOpbG83Cau2iWx2LVAv-CJqh1u6hm6gL9VN6OtSd3Tga2yduzmi7ZuyId9fNwOqR5ZBpVb7VY-I3mzKvaRurtMgiWob8Std2ga-j07ZiR-CrmG7-dWIH0EzrL6b4N/w640-h426/Fouling-in-Heat-Exchangers2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: small;">TYPES OF FOULING</span></h2></div><div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">The most commonly occurring types of fouling and aging in hygienic processing fall into four main types:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Incrustation:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;">the accumulation of a crust or coating of processed fluids, minerals, or cleaning agents on the surface of</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/how-do-heat-exchangers-work" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">heat exchanger parts</a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;">.</span></li><li><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Scaling:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;">a type of incrustation caused by calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silicates.</span></li><li><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Sediment:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;">comes from corrosion products, metal oxides, silt, alumina, and diatomic organisms (microalgae) and their excrement.</span></li><li><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Biological growth:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;">Sources of biofouling include bacteria, nematodes, and protozoa.</span></li></ul><div><span style="color: #5d5e60;"><br /></span></div><div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: small;">CAUSES OF FOULING IN HEAT EXCHANGERS</span></h2></div><div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">several variables contribute to fouling, <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">including water pH, product viscosity, and the roughness of component surfaces, among many others.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Together, the variables can be expressed as a fouling factor that numerically represents resistance to heat transfer — <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">or thermal resistance</span> — in your system.</p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #3c3f42; text-transform: uppercase;"><b>KEY FOULING FACTORS</b></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/dairy" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Dairy</a> applications include fats, sugars, and proteins that contribute to fouling. In <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/processed-foods" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">food</a> and <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/beverages" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">beverage</a> applications, particulate matter can clump and clog, and in <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/industries/pharmaceutical" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">pharmaceutical</a> applications, cosmetic and pharmaceutical particles produced during processing can stick and accumulate. To help control fouling, operators pay attention to four key processing factors:</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;">Fluid velocity</span></li><li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;">Fluid temperature</span></li><li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;">Fluid chemistry</span></li><li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #5d5e60;">Materials of fabrication</span></li></ul><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii5A6u-ckR9qEAl8lUVtbJigghCyY1q7HgcaYMmt61nZqQrVhjLZtmYvwdU0aiwLbCZyBsObLnflh7ywuAtzs8JZY2nHWEuUfBX0AioQ4SUBbjR2LiAyd22zW3_oQ_N5ydoCfqdHWWukM7WpXNkzf2n-WQobO-yKXxc5dMEF_Krb0VpVX4zJRp3UGv/s599/Screenshot_164.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="434" data-original-width="599" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii5A6u-ckR9qEAl8lUVtbJigghCyY1q7HgcaYMmt61nZqQrVhjLZtmYvwdU0aiwLbCZyBsObLnflh7ywuAtzs8JZY2nHWEuUfBX0AioQ4SUBbjR2LiAyd22zW3_oQ_N5ydoCfqdHWWukM7WpXNkzf2n-WQobO-yKXxc5dMEF_Krb0VpVX4zJRp3UGv/w640-h464/Screenshot_164.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: #5d5e60;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB1SGFN0bEO9ozZMYEITxjydS4epoMYnNvM9KCdoJ4sJEZBHAGzKnh3rQNnckdA5zE-R06grKx9gCOpdCOQRmomz2YmDDm75g3VLdveJkMyi4-DgnwqwIo_HRNV-GnNuALrqZQPcMsXDRwrWWdG3YiislHYpc1uJB8PTNxYT0S_8XNt4U5LFE3MOW6/s601/Screenshot_165.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="433" data-original-width="601" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB1SGFN0bEO9ozZMYEITxjydS4epoMYnNvM9KCdoJ4sJEZBHAGzKnh3rQNnckdA5zE-R06grKx9gCOpdCOQRmomz2YmDDm75g3VLdveJkMyi4-DgnwqwIo_HRNV-GnNuALrqZQPcMsXDRwrWWdG3YiislHYpc1uJB8PTNxYT0S_8XNt4U5LFE3MOW6/w640-h462/Screenshot_165.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQjB2ZVgtS1-vuxDSOIN2XCuGwAkGZGYTREcSFZbCe24xGY2vyFfdfsaYNZlU4QxjseLI1t9VWLkyKUzeT-5CPYMfpMxeVzcfZSHqgYIjGCuSTGczNGIHDAwBYhtH_OtXg8ZYHfY-nxy--BQTW1j2QxenTXf9MQb4chZ702jbBNPCqY3B7nAsTmGwj/s602/Screenshot_166.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="602" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQjB2ZVgtS1-vuxDSOIN2XCuGwAkGZGYTREcSFZbCe24xGY2vyFfdfsaYNZlU4QxjseLI1t9VWLkyKUzeT-5CPYMfpMxeVzcfZSHqgYIjGCuSTGczNGIHDAwBYhtH_OtXg8ZYHfY-nxy--BQTW1j2QxenTXf9MQb4chZ702jbBNPCqY3B7nAsTmGwj/w640-h492/Screenshot_166.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg71-pDzOJW4lzuyazh8QJzrS2NpGssdGKcX1fgCa1peqjH4XXb24I4qe6cEX0WiFhnb-VeYrRue1NFqifJNtFSkCZQW3Q-AlswKXtGOIyundPkISJM4jq_moy5p-3Y4hMhrTXMkBEpXtAQV8G5hbaKqnvK6v8i1qa7eEsVEuNJhfe_c9bw3Kmr_ZdD/s617/Screenshot_167.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="617" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg71-pDzOJW4lzuyazh8QJzrS2NpGssdGKcX1fgCa1peqjH4XXb24I4qe6cEX0WiFhnb-VeYrRue1NFqifJNtFSkCZQW3Q-AlswKXtGOIyundPkISJM4jq_moy5p-3Y4hMhrTXMkBEpXtAQV8G5hbaKqnvK6v8i1qa7eEsVEuNJhfe_c9bw3Kmr_ZdD/w640-h454/Screenshot_167.png" width="640" /></a></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.04em; line-height: 1.11111; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;">HOW TO DETECT FOULING IN HEAT EXCHANGERS</span></h2></span></div><div><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Fouling detection typically occurs by physical inspection or by monitoring system performance.</p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Physical inspection includes measuring the fouling's thickness on plates, pipes, or tubes.</span></p><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; counter-reset: slideCircle 0; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 2rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Heat transfer:</span> because of the insulating properties of fouling, heat transfer can fall outside of operating specifications.</li><li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: slideCircle 1; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.5rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">Pressure drop: </span>Pressure drop increases between heat exchanger inlet and outlet may indicate frictional resistance or blocked flow paths caused by fouling deposits.</li></ul><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/the-importance-of-controls-instrumentation-and-automation-in-hygienic-and-sanitary-processing-systems" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0081c6; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Monitoring temperature and pressures</a> are the best way to troubleshoot and detect fouling in heat exchangers. Instruments measure and report critical variables that can indicate heat exchanger fouling.</p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5bivk_NglkoAbNfEABT6WmR-pixYgCGKlqELTCqgldB6qkPodQgnEKNDJ8_m63ODnx4JpVd4cKwnh8ceeFWyceRNLBGxk0bNC91DQBMBrta11x5uIcyH8SuogdbD0KpNt5hBtJ40zmYNWALklnPCAxg1_wBJ5CC0UKlN7ZH6LgTlQv0QOrpx7ooxz/s497/Screenshot_169.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="406" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5bivk_NglkoAbNfEABT6WmR-pixYgCGKlqELTCqgldB6qkPodQgnEKNDJ8_m63ODnx4JpVd4cKwnh8ceeFWyceRNLBGxk0bNC91DQBMBrta11x5uIcyH8SuogdbD0KpNt5hBtJ40zmYNWALklnPCAxg1_wBJ5CC0UKlN7ZH6LgTlQv0QOrpx7ooxz/w176-h217/Screenshot_169.png" width="176" /></a><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="414" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg17Ua4l0sYgkC27aoox72ECHFVWNjvzMqCEPKqMdaa9qqXq7Am2vCw_OFfdlpraL5BwZDJ7P893j1F2iUbGxE1w59I9kxjXA8adk-XOX5L2JwI1_3oz8DOtR91aAndS7mwiDC9zpD7hrR8jMAfCqMGJCati9aULH3e5_4UNMORmtuUSVbyEnudnT5/w233-h247/Screenshot_170.png" width="233" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2lg_sTi3E6y6e3VAMB7efxpJqYmLaqcPd6g2MAjsDEDEz64XVlbkV4x_72ua_w0KdfjQmCN6bIwXYZEFjrrp-NvzXDvkmYoF1K80KZqTZBYqXIwo4oQ2HepQ7mfBiTzbCqA2BFubSAhi80J0nWUHr1e3hxj45Vao009ejmkyUMLClSiandyXHFJbM/s443/Screenshot_171.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><img border="0" data-original-height="443" data-original-width="427" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2lg_sTi3E6y6e3VAMB7efxpJqYmLaqcPd6g2MAjsDEDEz64XVlbkV4x_72ua_w0KdfjQmCN6bIwXYZEFjrrp-NvzXDvkmYoF1K80KZqTZBYqXIwo4oQ2HepQ7mfBiTzbCqA2BFubSAhi80J0nWUHr1e3hxj45Vao009ejmkyUMLClSiandyXHFJbM/w190-h198/Screenshot_171.png" width="190" /></a></p></span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0 0 0 40px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg17Ua4l0sYgkC27aoox72ECHFVWNjvzMqCEPKqMdaa9qqXq7Am2vCw_OFfdlpraL5BwZDJ7P893j1F2iUbGxE1w59I9kxjXA8adk-XOX5L2JwI1_3oz8DOtR91aAndS7mwiDC9zpD7hrR8jMAfCqMGJCati9aULH3e5_4UNMORmtuUSVbyEnudnT5/s437/Screenshot_170.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div></div></span></blockquote><div><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #5d5e60; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">(continue)</p></span></div><div><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">credits <a href="https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/fouling-in-heat-exchangers">https://www.csidesigns.com/blog/articles/fouling-in-heat-exchangers</a></span></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZD1frWW9YOY8y6ZANQuy7WZwpMOxyBiaS9UPty06a3r3lO6FCkZh_KzEdDz3aRxssl8tOxXmguDerUN2uc7nUYw6L_cNMJx1gb26UhkS2S9rAvu2GuCNQ3Wjrr2OvdKPl2wA7kGewZac7X7svkDiY5404PciwokaNsQal3sjolzH3CbyG_A712G2l/s1097/Screenshot_168.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="261" data-original-width="1097" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZD1frWW9YOY8y6ZANQuy7WZwpMOxyBiaS9UPty06a3r3lO6FCkZh_KzEdDz3aRxssl8tOxXmguDerUN2uc7nUYw6L_cNMJx1gb26UhkS2S9rAvu2GuCNQ3Wjrr2OvdKPl2wA7kGewZac7X7svkDiY5404PciwokaNsQal3sjolzH3CbyG_A712G2l/w640-h152/Screenshot_168.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-47541944606361463222022-02-10T09:29:00.000-08:002022-02-10T09:29:02.874-08:00Fouling In Heat Exchangers - self-cleaning heat exchanger technology<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9C50c5DauUuk_OWqQVe6gg6oJMBPiX64GYJT7W9iqc_xaxDY8ZoUVHf-RhnpGPV83oeUU7G08MrkJ0z1CjvL90i1Xz-EOfFRpHDhN3tScRbt_qtmTabiBYZZwBCxkjssQAb7dCgRxahGmI7Yph8GVJxFMNwffqNMlbOFcfTm5pp5Kl7hERqbDz5XD=s426" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="426" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9C50c5DauUuk_OWqQVe6gg6oJMBPiX64GYJT7W9iqc_xaxDY8ZoUVHf-RhnpGPV83oeUU7G08MrkJ0z1CjvL90i1Xz-EOfFRpHDhN3tScRbt_qtmTabiBYZZwBCxkjssQAb7dCgRxahGmI7Yph8GVJxFMNwffqNMlbOFcfTm5pp5Kl7hERqbDz5XD=w640-h640" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;">The deposition of unwanted materials, such as scale, suspended solids, insoluble salts and even algae on the internal surfaces of the heat exchanger is called fouling. The presence of these deposits represents a resistance to the fluid flow and heat transfer and therefore increase the pressure drop and reduces the efficiency of the heat exchanger. The degree of fouling varies considerably with physical properties of fluids being handled. In severe fouling conditions, the heat exchanger may become blocked and hence inoperable because of the back pressure. Depending on the fouling deposits involved, they can lead to corrosion of the heat exchanger which can often be hidden by the fouling layer itself. This shortens the working life of the heat exchanger and can result in catastrophic failure.</span></p><h3 class="heading clearfix " style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #051f74; font-family: calibri; font-size: 25px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 0.1px; line-height: 1.428; margin: 10px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">Fouling removal</h3><div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Despite the best efforts of engineers and technologists to eliminate heat exchanger fouling the growth of deposits will still occur. Periodic cleaning of the heat exchangers will be necessary to restore the heat exchanger to efficient operation. If the deposits are difficult to remove by mechanical means chemical cleaning may be required. The chemicals used for this purpose will often be aggressive in character and represent an effluent problem after the cleaning operation. Unless this effluent is properly treated it could also represent an environmental problem. Even water used for cleaning can become contaminated and may require suitable treatment before discharge.</span></p></div></div><div class="bauer-spacer clearfix" data-desktop="10" data-mobi="10" data-smobi="10" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: 10px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">However, in all cases, fouling prevention/reduction is more effective and also cheaper compared to the cure, i.e., fouling removal and heat exchanger cleaning. Klaren International offers innovative self-cleaning fluidized bed heat exchanger that prevents fouling in the early stages. With the Klaren’s self-cleaning heat exchanger technology, you can achieve up to zero fouling operations in your liquid stream, keep system clean and run plant without any operational constraints.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-IosVwxeZ1wJFhqFq3qpiZLUIQF-frSl8G6NRFYaipCtf54BiAKTG2Avtg_hVYRZBixeSyiHBQzfsa_EWBQa2GcxxpNIlk4nw_JRAUSDxKZXcdSdVXCCk6zFamHc2OyTMNqplQsdTfW9hhXR76wKAtEdtkmXQ7FKuXQYjOujr3IlWIgSXrnJejjGS=s845" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="845" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-IosVwxeZ1wJFhqFq3qpiZLUIQF-frSl8G6NRFYaipCtf54BiAKTG2Avtg_hVYRZBixeSyiHBQzfsa_EWBQa2GcxxpNIlk4nw_JRAUSDxKZXcdSdVXCCk6zFamHc2OyTMNqplQsdTfW9hhXR76wKAtEdtkmXQ7FKuXQYjOujr3IlWIgSXrnJejjGS=w640-h408" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span><p></p></div></div></div><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;">Conventional heat exchangers have the problem of severe fouling in the tubes. This can happen in just a matter of hours in severe cases. With the solid particles of our innovative self-cleaning heat exchanger technology, solid particles will be continuously cleaning the walls of the heat exchanger tubes with a mild scouring effect. These solid particles have diameters of 1.6 to 4 mm and consist of glass, ceramic or metal. A constant heat transfer coefficient is maintained by cleaning the heat exchanger tubes at an early stage of formation. Moreover, these particles reduce pressure drop compared to conventional heat exchangers and enhance the heat transfer at lower liquid velocities. When the rate of removal of deposits by the particles exceeds the rate of precipitation of deposits, zero-fouling is guaranteed.</span></p><h3 class="heading clearfix " style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #051f74; font-family: calibri; font-size: 25px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 0.1px; line-height: 1.428; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">How does the self-cleaning heat exchanger technology work?</h3><div><br /></div><div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The cleaning principle of the heat exchanger tubes is an ongoing cycle. It is based on the circulation of solid particles through the tubes of a vertical shell and tube heat exchanger. First, the fouling fluid flows up through the heat exchanger tube bundle and passes through the inlet and outlet channels. These channels are specially designed for this process. Second, the solid particles are fed to the fluid using a distribution system in the inlet channel. This happens to ensure consistent division of particles over all the tubes. The particles are then fluidized by the upward flow of liquid to remove any deposit at the beginning of fouling formation. They create the mild scouring, cleaning effect on the wall of the heat exchanger tubes. Lastly, after the particles are detached and separated from the liquid by the tube bundle, they move to the inlet channel through an external downcomer. After this, the cycle is repeated.</span></p></div></div><div class="bauer-spacer clearfix" data-desktop="10" data-mobi="10" data-smobi="10" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: 10px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">To control the amount of particles fed to the inlet, a part of the inlet flow to the heat exchanger is used to push the particles from the downcomer into the inlet channel. Changing the amount of particles is one of the parameters to influence the cleaning mechanism. Other parameters are particle size and material and the fluid velocity.</span></p></div></div><div class="bauer-spacer clearfix" data-desktop="10" data-mobi="10" data-smobi="10" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: 10px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">With this technology, fouling or clogging of heat exchangers can be prevented or minimized. The fluidized bed effectively handles many types of fouling including scaling, whether hard or soft, originating from biological, crystallization, chemical or particulate fouling mechanism, or a combination of these. A wide variety of fluids can be handled ranging from aqueous solutions to oils and slurries.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="488" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3wJ11o9CIyE" width="586" youtube-src-id="3wJ11o9CIyE"></iframe></div><br /><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The cleaning particles used in the self-cleaning fluidized bed heat exchangers create the mild abrasive effect on the wall of the heat exchanger tubes, which removes the fouling deposits at an early stage of formation of the tube wall and keeps the heat transfer surface clean.</span></p></div></div><div class="bauer-spacer clearfix" data-desktop="10" data-mobi="10" data-smobi="10" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: 10px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Depending on the application, i.e. the properties of the liquid and the fouling tendency, a specific type of cleaning particle is selected and used.</p></div></div><div class="bauer-spacer clearfix" data-desktop="10" data-mobi="10" data-smobi="10" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: 10px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The removal rate of the self-cleaning fluidized bed heat exchanger is besides the volume fraction of the cleaning particles in the tubes (porosity of fluidized bed) influenced by the type (density and hardness) and the size of the cleaning particles.</p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEipwoFs_73H8hJiOwjpuLmkmcG3bx_r2ndPiC0JN8MxoFrQENmQWtlsD_LfaduhphwVkfB6lNd7U3oVCOewSJBJ-B3eiC6pdtikha4-yEPlSnGjLG7NDTOAgmpMkR_Ec_wQ0r7JpV7UZjcbqPmxP0hEB7CZLmf-XA70jzZRWOnJ8ImRwr8WfCvQki9j=s910" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="490" data-original-width="910" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEipwoFs_73H8hJiOwjpuLmkmcG3bx_r2ndPiC0JN8MxoFrQENmQWtlsD_LfaduhphwVkfB6lNd7U3oVCOewSJBJ-B3eiC6pdtikha4-yEPlSnGjLG7NDTOAgmpMkR_Ec_wQ0r7JpV7UZjcbqPmxP0hEB7CZLmf-XA70jzZRWOnJ8ImRwr8WfCvQki9j=w640-h344" width="640" /></a></div><h3 class="heading clearfix " style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #051f74; font-size: 25px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 0.1px; line-height: 1.428; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">Zero Fouling</h3><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: center;"> Rate of removal > Rate of precipitation</span></div><div><div class="bauer-content-box clearfix" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vc-custom-col-inner-spacing clearfix vc-col-inner-spacing-30" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px -15px; max-width: none; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: 499.444px;"><div class="vc_column-inner" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 499.444px;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><table style="border-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; vertical-align: baseline; width: 469.444px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 12px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rate of removal</span></td></tr><tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 12px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Influenced by</span><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 25px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: -25px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Type of particle (density and hardness)</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Size of the particle</li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The volume fraction of particles in tubes (porosity of fluidized bed)</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: 499.444px;"><div class="vc_column-inner" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 499.444px;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><table style="border-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; vertical-align: baseline; width: 469.444px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 12px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rate of precipitation</span></td></tr><tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 12px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Influenced by</span><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 25px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: -25px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The solubility characteristics of the precipitate</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Temperature difference between shell and tube</span></li><li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Wall temperature inside the tube</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bauer-content-box clearfix" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vc-custom-col-inner-spacing clearfix vc-col-inner-spacing-30" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px -15px; max-width: none; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: 998.889px;"><div class="vc_column-inner" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 998.889px;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="bauer-spacer clearfix" data-desktop="10" data-mobi="5" data-smobi="5" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 10px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div class="bauer-spacer clearfix" data-desktop="10" data-mobi="5" data-smobi="5" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 10px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bauer-content-box clearfix" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="vc-custom-col-inner-spacing clearfix vc-col-inner-spacing-30" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px -15px; max-width: none; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: 998.889px;"><div class="vc_column-inner" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 998.889px;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="wpb_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The cleaning particles are made of chopped metal wire or ceramics, with a diameter between 1.6 and 4 mm.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></p><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Credits <a href="https://klarenbv.com/">https://klarenbv.com/</a></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p></div></div></div></div></div>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-53377223527399612882022-01-21T09:08:00.007-08:002022-01-21T10:24:09.139-08:00Fouling in Plate Heat Exchangers: Some Practical Experience<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjef_O-eSejTGnG6wMxjg92kYlHq4arLhMQJtNdEjcaDkuuCLlklHFHolhPEwalOwrMKcUUPwRxEpljwex4n9OG_KckTes0OuG5BKRtWtdDvDu26-bcah8DpBHcZ_LF7d6sRyX12iRQgz9Bbm2j4tRPeZFpGJMZGR54xAHQ-rWUX2dZ2bf7qdQGMjBi=s228" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="228" data-original-width="221" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjef_O-eSejTGnG6wMxjg92kYlHq4arLhMQJtNdEjcaDkuuCLlklHFHolhPEwalOwrMKcUUPwRxEpljwex4n9OG_KckTes0OuG5BKRtWtdDvDu26-bcah8DpBHcZ_LF7d6sRyX12iRQgz9Bbm2j4tRPeZFpGJMZGR54xAHQ-rWUX2dZ2bf7qdQGMjBi=w388-h400" width="388" /></a></div><p>Due to their compact size, Plate Heat Exchangers (PHEs) are widely used in industrial processes. They have higher heat-transfer performance, lower temperature gradient, higher turbulence, and easier maintenance in comparison with shell and tube heat exchangers. For minimizing material consumption and space requirements compact models have been developed over the last years. By using thin plates forming a small gap, these compact models impress with larger heat transfer coefficients and, thus, smaller required heat transfer area. </p><p>The advantages of compact heat exchangers over shell and tube ones at a glance:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>larger heat transfer coefficients</li><li>smaller heat transfer surfaces required</li><li>lower fouling due to high fluid turbulences (self-cleaning effect)</li><li> significantly smaller required installation and maintenance space</li><li> lighter weight</li><li> simplified cleanability especially for GPHE</li><li> lower investment costs</li><li> closer temperature approach</li><li> pure counter-flow operation for GPHE</li></ul><p></p><p>In Figure 1, plate heat exchangers are compared with shell and tube heat exchangers regarding effectiveness, space, weight and cleaning time.</p><p>Deposits create an insulating layer over the surface of the heat exchanger that decreases the heat transfer between fluids and increases the pressure drop. The pressure drop increases as a result of the narrowing of the flow area, which increases the gap velocity (Wang et al., 2009). Therefore, the thermal performance of the heat exchanger decreases with time, resulting in an undersized heat exchanger and causing the process efficiency to be reduced.</p><p>Heat exchangers are often oversized by 70 to 80%, of which 30 to 50% is assigned to fouling.</p><p>While the addition of excess surface to the heat exchanger may extend the operation time of the unit, it can cause fouling as a result of the over-performance caused by excess heat transfer area; because the process stream temperature change greater than desired, requiring that the flow rate of the utility stream be reduced (Müller-Steinhagen, 1999). The deposits</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-oK5JZHUPPdeF1q5E8omDNBT5MPCN3cW2TtZr85LU2AkmgJlemmnDk50mVquPhCCWNSdpDBXKFHFIFolgm8ZRtDejxyat1_kUKmeWFVTwpQtodP5PxXQWGW78ytu8Mkacr62Ysl7IgKidk3PhqciyoUuHkM4rOhckkbe9-pYOXzTsgOnEGP76LFG8=s1201" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="633" data-original-width="1201" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-oK5JZHUPPdeF1q5E8omDNBT5MPCN3cW2TtZr85LU2AkmgJlemmnDk50mVquPhCCWNSdpDBXKFHFIFolgm8ZRtDejxyat1_kUKmeWFVTwpQtodP5PxXQWGW78ytu8Mkacr62Ysl7IgKidk3PhqciyoUuHkM4rOhckkbe9-pYOXzTsgOnEGP76LFG8=w640-h338" width="640" /></a></div><p>must be removed by regular and intensive cleaning procedures in order to maintain production efficiency.</p><p>As a result of the effects of fouling on the thermal and hydraulic performance of the heat exchanger, an additional cost is added to the industrial processes. Energy losses, lost productivity, manpower and cleaning expenses cause immense costs. The annual cost of dealing with fouling in the USA has been estimated at over $4 billion (Wang et al., 2009).</p><p>The manner in which fouling and fouling factors apply to plate exchangers is different from tubular heat exchangers. There is a high degree of turbulence in plate heat exchanger, which increases the rate of deposit removal and, in effect, makes the plate heat exchanger less prone to fouling. In addition, there is a more uniform velocity profile in a plate heat exchanger than in most shell and tube heat exchanger designs, eliminating zones of low velocity which are particularly prone to fouling. Figure 2 shows the fouling resistances for cooling water inside a plate heat exchanger in comparison with fouling resistances on the tube-side inside a shell and tube heat exchanger for the same velocity. A dramatic difference in the fouling resistances can be seen. The fouling resistances inside the PHE are much lower than that inside the shell and tube heat exchanger.</p><p>Fouling inside heat exchanger can be reduced by:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li> Appropriate heat-exchanger design</li><li> Proper selection of heat-exchanger type</li><li> Mitigation methods (mechanical and/or chemical)</li><li> Heat exchanger surface modification</li></ul><p></p><p>The mechanics of deposits build-up and the impact of operating conditions on the deposition rate should be understood in order to select the appropriate method to reduce fouling (Müller-Steinhagen, 1999).</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-c-yw53ZAWIczGezMCjqM7m3MU7W5CRymcZDyhzDmlFyhI8KKWKFv1XJrBl0JLETjb4H02RT-aKj315ZBPqX4xdTAnCYvxA0b4hOucTLxUbWyaj6kBgwY-xUMamzvwHcGCIxKTMU0s6t-B55ly8_405seKRCH0vZoOSnvYlFiP4bUDhgvSfiEY678=s1152" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="881" data-original-width="1152" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-c-yw53ZAWIczGezMCjqM7m3MU7W5CRymcZDyhzDmlFyhI8KKWKFv1XJrBl0JLETjb4H02RT-aKj315ZBPqX4xdTAnCYvxA0b4hOucTLxUbWyaj6kBgwY-xUMamzvwHcGCIxKTMU0s6t-B55ly8_405seKRCH0vZoOSnvYlFiP4bUDhgvSfiEY678=w640-h490" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Deposits were accumulated at an area about 20cm from the plate inlet and selectively covered the plate surface, as can be seen in Figure 5. They could plug the channels and restrict the water flow over the plate. These deposits accumulated due to the reduction of the gap velocity (shear stress) which increased the surface temperature.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0QsXZQ2lZeEvmb32XdaA2IQg2doT9dpEAeBBanmBjcJBdSMqq3dosbhSf-fHksukWvOYAArwwQNRVGEQIR1KfCY4cGju8yTVXy65U2Lk7z_tsyqe-gL9rRC1yjkC1NrEGlncuRMr3NNPYM0WaDAD_y5BUcU_rFTiDnOhnNUFnGn7Aeh0sjfRLSiiK=s1020" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="723" data-original-width="1020" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0QsXZQ2lZeEvmb32XdaA2IQg2doT9dpEAeBBanmBjcJBdSMqq3dosbhSf-fHksukWvOYAArwwQNRVGEQIR1KfCY4cGju8yTVXy65U2Lk7z_tsyqe-gL9rRC1yjkC1NrEGlncuRMr3NNPYM0WaDAD_y5BUcU_rFTiDnOhnNUFnGn7Aeh0sjfRLSiiK=w640-h454" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><p><b> Solving fouling problems by heat exchanger design modification: Redesigning of the PHEs</b></p><p><u>The surface area of the CO2 cooler was reduced by removing 86 plates out of 254 plates (the </u><u>surface area was reduced by 34%). The average cooling water velocity inside the gaps was </u><u>increased from 0.30 to 0.42 m/s, as can be seen in Table 4.</u></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg8r0Y7t03gZc7dNpZc8kr4xj4KeLMgmri0w3hnBa6h0ccxP3xaYJ--0dEVa9NME168uxFJVEtVRsVfogPOS19OYVI_EogoNcdkbg9HBxGxFwLtUU6FU-fyp31tGy589sruSd7w5zfbEtvcvlWceL2osqYtK0LDCYs2XfcWT5IfSoirqCLoCEOibOcg=s1095" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="302" data-original-width="1095" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg8r0Y7t03gZc7dNpZc8kr4xj4KeLMgmri0w3hnBa6h0ccxP3xaYJ--0dEVa9NME168uxFJVEtVRsVfogPOS19OYVI_EogoNcdkbg9HBxGxFwLtUU6FU-fyp31tGy589sruSd7w5zfbEtvcvlWceL2osqYtK0LDCYs2XfcWT5IfSoirqCLoCEOibOcg=w640-h176" width="640" /></a></div><p>The deposits formed on the surface of the plates were decreased as a result of the increase in the shear stress and the decrease of the surface temperature from 72 to 69°C. The surface temperature was calculated from the fluids temperatures, thermal conductivities and duties on both sides. T<u>he operation time for the cooler was increased from 30 days to 43 days and </u><u>the plates were cleaned after more than 40 days of operation</u>, as shown in Figure 6.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhogajELZz9f0WQAI0RKQTJbc00CnCytMXQkil_Xx8GySzHC2GF--FsI86Zr0Ou2O_K_3dn8dhrcNWBTP6wVDPNSD9eNMRvz3eQxgU5YDTbfIs1VbJEEqHP_8htL6TwHGAd3OMTSsO3m59q3wTX2Sy1vhRKqEsIh8RZObirbfiMnzAu94VS7NRZ7jTG=s1169" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="745" data-original-width="1169" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhogajELZz9f0WQAI0RKQTJbc00CnCytMXQkil_Xx8GySzHC2GF--FsI86Zr0Ou2O_K_3dn8dhrcNWBTP6wVDPNSD9eNMRvz3eQxgU5YDTbfIs1VbJEEqHP_8htL6TwHGAd3OMTSsO3m59q3wTX2Sy1vhRKqEsIh8RZObirbfiMnzAu94VS7NRZ7jTG=w640-h408" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>The CO2 outlet temperature started to increase after about 23 days of operation due to the accumulation of deposits on the cooling water side which led to a reduction in the cooling water flow rate. The unit was opened after about 43 days for mechanical cleaning.</p><p>Credits:</p><p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221927711_Fouling_in_Plate_Heat_Exchangers_Some_Practical_Experience">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221927711_Fouling_in_Plate_Heat_Exchangers_Some_Practical_Experience</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ali-Bani-Kananeh">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ali-Bani-Kananeh</a><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHEM7rrdCklTAepo3DBlfMqGtdrz6z0MZgcIa-C9H1Wlyzhu0gFSWL1IqX2VJ6nhXF-lKoQA2kZAhnRnNy5MjnqbPIuar572A_-nMe6JJ8xxzBT7FSubnAn3BylLSig5AIl56gRutWhZwTipLQCidN-MsnKAANv4UjnkNnPPTMQXwN-kF76WxaTtXA=s345" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="112" data-original-width="345" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHEM7rrdCklTAepo3DBlfMqGtdrz6z0MZgcIa-C9H1Wlyzhu0gFSWL1IqX2VJ6nhXF-lKoQA2kZAhnRnNy5MjnqbPIuar572A_-nMe6JJ8xxzBT7FSubnAn3BylLSig5AIl56gRutWhZwTipLQCidN-MsnKAANv4UjnkNnPPTMQXwN-kF76WxaTtXA=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-8727269723700307462022-01-17T07:08:00.002-08:002022-01-17T07:08:19.595-08:00Plate Heat Exchangers Tips & Tricks N°1<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-h4cgxbwkB8uxmAADVMf5JhgR_q_Lmthk9gKLgK5b4WIK2uZq_NN7RGKOr-bFgoca4eN2rkezvmmgsRaMbEFrKXociJsKKMKu-Ic_52hM5yQYQjTEakd7Oklwi5RNxD_-NwQTKNDen8y3vBiGVKHmFLO4CC7tjh1u5wYBrYOI7JSmVK8HH-RiUWzM=s667" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="633" data-original-width="667" height="608" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-h4cgxbwkB8uxmAADVMf5JhgR_q_Lmthk9gKLgK5b4WIK2uZq_NN7RGKOr-bFgoca4eN2rkezvmmgsRaMbEFrKXociJsKKMKu-Ic_52hM5yQYQjTEakd7Oklwi5RNxD_-NwQTKNDen8y3vBiGVKHmFLO4CC7tjh1u5wYBrYOI7JSmVK8HH-RiUWzM=w640-h608" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj0PCk2qToknXDnOwWA9fNTxxsOzyblwJ5Xh5lWEM6PKlii2iX5YBvuq04ssvsKXLv4zqi9rhdXe8kWFVC0d7pWa93vvjI5H01Ro6WEL6PA-a07T0qHOo1CgfixTl7Xe7o5qzwMEx8hRQ4bcrqukOOkpNXTJlTwdhpD2Xnp_OLqafxqdNccyg35sJPU=s822" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="822" height="598" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj0PCk2qToknXDnOwWA9fNTxxsOzyblwJ5Xh5lWEM6PKlii2iX5YBvuq04ssvsKXLv4zqi9rhdXe8kWFVC0d7pWa93vvjI5H01Ro6WEL6PA-a07T0qHOo1CgfixTl7Xe7o5qzwMEx8hRQ4bcrqukOOkpNXTJlTwdhpD2Xnp_OLqafxqdNccyg35sJPU=w640-h598" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEheYKl6AuSB5ZHjusl0xdH_b4YC8_BvTCM4OLGZXW8C5grY1hq8D74R4klK1UT7sCGah2xPLBv6o0_AyPwEp7P03vovhCZpox-qi1tXvfrk5TKytDM2aj4W6Iu78iHnvdUVEhSbDrI7yHMHW9-oz30A-CwuH9QiMk20jFwDbv3VrmRjbtSfbZiJH2od=s822" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="811" data-original-width="822" height="632" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEheYKl6AuSB5ZHjusl0xdH_b4YC8_BvTCM4OLGZXW8C5grY1hq8D74R4klK1UT7sCGah2xPLBv6o0_AyPwEp7P03vovhCZpox-qi1tXvfrk5TKytDM2aj4W6Iu78iHnvdUVEhSbDrI7yHMHW9-oz30A-CwuH9QiMk20jFwDbv3VrmRjbtSfbZiJH2od=w640-h632" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhiKScUHfQuIZJbK08wOblN4MEqz_QqvlPIG-HNvy1QYSRIBlwyuEN6h-YOC68AVVhJTGuvrkVQkMIyeY0fHRxrTQgi0dSbLicL4OOdDec_LjADoyu4gOZR728AUXaHzhs4YZMmyEf8bUug-wVqfUSN5WkMKQHcpf_0g6TZ2tlkFneXxHaqZTSyoIyl=s827" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="824" data-original-width="827" height="638" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhiKScUHfQuIZJbK08wOblN4MEqz_QqvlPIG-HNvy1QYSRIBlwyuEN6h-YOC68AVVhJTGuvrkVQkMIyeY0fHRxrTQgi0dSbLicL4OOdDec_LjADoyu4gOZR728AUXaHzhs4YZMmyEf8bUug-wVqfUSN5WkMKQHcpf_0g6TZ2tlkFneXxHaqZTSyoIyl=w640-h638" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgoGIWHZb3jqTtfx343F-wWBYTanzw1sU6Fp7Rra35gN2ujwXMRxJyng33-efEPGkdtlQoy5uNrLNm1UtRD-9H6JrQvJxePPbk5JxSZlMp8K0QdRnxjVhydupztcngeWclSwCpigS4JD87FCxb9pLvxErpT6x5NKckfZeOtjIB4uItNqLJg3eJdrZpS=s821" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="812" data-original-width="821" height="632" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgoGIWHZb3jqTtfx343F-wWBYTanzw1sU6Fp7Rra35gN2ujwXMRxJyng33-efEPGkdtlQoy5uNrLNm1UtRD-9H6JrQvJxePPbk5JxSZlMp8K0QdRnxjVhydupztcngeWclSwCpigS4JD87FCxb9pLvxErpT6x5NKckfZeOtjIB4uItNqLJg3eJdrZpS=w640-h632" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj0PXhKeN-WFXPyXZa0BjgYfgLgbhDs8eMpauZRLJa7SnfZ8Tcz6SQSF3B1FpfA6hn5na2_f58OeCm-3uQnyTU8WLP1dAd3KtDXQh2L14cBxQVYLSv0nZ_FFqlV6hhSi6Agb7_z3QWw_rd3_q8LcvjsrTl5RYduypbI6gFIkZd4c-CmVcoFJqoED4Jp=s816" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="772" data-original-width="816" height="606" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj0PXhKeN-WFXPyXZa0BjgYfgLgbhDs8eMpauZRLJa7SnfZ8Tcz6SQSF3B1FpfA6hn5na2_f58OeCm-3uQnyTU8WLP1dAd3KtDXQh2L14cBxQVYLSv0nZ_FFqlV6hhSi6Agb7_z3QWw_rd3_q8LcvjsrTl5RYduypbI6gFIkZd4c-CmVcoFJqoED4Jp=w640-h606" width="640" /></a></div><br />Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-8780820451231773922022-01-13T10:29:00.007-08:002022-01-13T14:58:23.014-08:00Plate & Frame Heat Exchangers: Tips & Tricks for Purchasing Part 2<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1OYbFSDlOf_xX7jef2wLNjYTb-YkWNg0n6emXT0-BgdXNnntlmPgg5DOFMcqBEN8AM-GqL5NJPaENB_63rv4yFXtMeC_iWhNBoUP23Abovbf5QbHhNXCbQAlIFopjeV3epBY0biRdYIFBy1-K7vTmB3uxV5juemaofqByFxGXSVEm4XILJ9WhiASz=s1023" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="682" data-original-width="1023" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1OYbFSDlOf_xX7jef2wLNjYTb-YkWNg0n6emXT0-BgdXNnntlmPgg5DOFMcqBEN8AM-GqL5NJPaENB_63rv4yFXtMeC_iWhNBoUP23Abovbf5QbHhNXCbQAlIFopjeV3epBY0biRdYIFBy1-K7vTmB3uxV5juemaofqByFxGXSVEm4XILJ9WhiASz=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Comparison among different quotations of Plate Heat Exchangers is not so easy...Let's go ahead on Part 2 of Tips & Tricks with additional criteria to take into consideration.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><u>Country of Origin</u></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In the Middle East often made in China and made in India products are rejected (especially in Oil & Gas) therefore even if Vendor is European, it is crucial to verify before P.O. is released which workshop will be used for manufacturing PFHE. Also Subsuppliers are involved: tightening bolts can not made in India or gaskets made in Sri Lanka...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In recent years local content is becoming very important (Saudi Arabia, U.A.E.,Qatar, Russia)</span></p><p><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202124; font-size: 16px;">The average local content percentage of tender is calculated by </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #202124; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">dividing total local content (C24) by the total tender value net of exempted imported content (C22)</b><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202124; font-size: 16px;">.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiu03kjJod1SXDDcuGAmwWSeqME0YAQl5hWGcRpyyE1Gez42UGVUTF27W0lptO1o096ctdqvj5Fj-uBvm6ErsYHuVCf6MtQUbvrxO-WiQUj4YwD9liP1tCUpPAgPqcnVV39Q9l8texNB80R8LxAgd892NVdQEJqFlnKM-DczeKWOturWgxZnC_IpSVS=s1093" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="1093" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiu03kjJod1SXDDcuGAmwWSeqME0YAQl5hWGcRpyyE1Gez42UGVUTF27W0lptO1o096ctdqvj5Fj-uBvm6ErsYHuVCf6MtQUbvrxO-WiQUj4YwD9liP1tCUpPAgPqcnVV39Q9l8texNB80R8LxAgd892NVdQEJqFlnKM-DczeKWOturWgxZnC_IpSVS=w640-h242" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><u>Banned Country Destination</u></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Due to geopolitical reasons sometimes final location of Projects are banned by Manufacturer State. For long time Russia was banned by Europe and US. Iran,</span><span style="font-family: arial;">Yemen and Sudan</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> are still under discussion. For these reasons EPC Contractors are forced to look for alternative Vendors located in South Korea, Malaysia etc.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Before to post a P.O. it is important to verify if Manufacturer is allowed to export to final destination...</b></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQmjFc4laCpWnCan4OuUGC6VNh3_ubnTDcr_k2t6G43t_06g5t1Ol5lDEFtVzRJhls-kV8vbSU1madNR9sf9EworI3bt4YYtSIEu6oGjsu7_VUz6j6k130QiVNFxQ0BV4e1CMiXjyuv_9vNEWVImSYnPXpr3l9O8mGhUCxJbxG4aQHOtDuD4YpiMc_=s765" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="401" data-original-width="765" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQmjFc4laCpWnCan4OuUGC6VNh3_ubnTDcr_k2t6G43t_06g5t1Ol5lDEFtVzRJhls-kV8vbSU1madNR9sf9EworI3bt4YYtSIEu6oGjsu7_VUz6j6k130QiVNFxQ0BV4e1CMiXjyuv_9vNEWVImSYnPXpr3l9O8mGhUCxJbxG4aQHOtDuD4YpiMc_=w640-h336" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><u>Plate Thickness</u></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Due to technology progress design of plates are improved. From 1,0 mm recently it is possible to get 0,4 mm, with less cost and better heat transfer coefficient.But also costs are different, less material less cost. Better to compare different Vendors with same thickness.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>API 662 on Plate Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services mentioned</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg9nWq9vg_GL3wntZGLiSTkoeHV_UkLVVXWk_QD0DIt3-Eehfhkk8c5YXDvDH3CJTHi-6WLxZhV96X0slY1zao7Ryz7CwrpLx9UEd3A96BX37dkiupYUM-tAflIsLWVQWRNNkdw_kjK7ySad6C8DR3DN6dBKNZq2oTExm-MEaW6oKhcc-LgmGgaF7hj=s1276" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="145" data-original-width="1276" height="73" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg9nWq9vg_GL3wntZGLiSTkoeHV_UkLVVXWk_QD0DIt3-Eehfhkk8c5YXDvDH3CJTHi-6WLxZhV96X0slY1zao7Ryz7CwrpLx9UEd3A96BX37dkiupYUM-tAflIsLWVQWRNNkdw_kjK7ySad6C8DR3DN6dBKNZq2oTExm-MEaW6oKhcc-LgmGgaF7hj=w640-h73" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><u>Drip Tray & Insulation</u></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">When PFHE is installed at hot temperature locations, drip tray and insulation are a must to include. <b>Check if all Vendors included in basic price or as option</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjj2vC1Sgg6z4oPy8TYCTJeLu39sqao75XVJdnJEvBPhPHw4JC7vz-VWbvBixB5E-p_p7JxOm94iN4T4E3PquBBbhBvKnAG55u7fAvQ2oVVYA53NNoeYQ_RghnVD-2Z02OnPm4Do3c1XBz6gzNjZUBube2E9rxv3QPV0BTwKik3TqEBegthtZETMS0K=s943" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="943" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjj2vC1Sgg6z4oPy8TYCTJeLu39sqao75XVJdnJEvBPhPHw4JC7vz-VWbvBixB5E-p_p7JxOm94iN4T4E3PquBBbhBvKnAG55u7fAvQ2oVVYA53NNoeYQ_RghnVD-2Z02OnPm4Do3c1XBz6gzNjZUBube2E9rxv3QPV0BTwKik3TqEBegthtZETMS0K=w640-h164" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHp6HhtQHN9L967CCyYMuepUray7kXv98ONveTMNkUXoKXPvlNSFLM0cxO4dxrF5TaGltZWu89VXQrkDqZTXw0eVVsOLyi9ZjevkYa6DamxJ5khvElGWNg8TFplegno4NIT6z3_e75va38GGCLqI2_xtacldZsCp4x1HkQM5Yi1mpMbfihGvTesOEO=s300" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHp6HhtQHN9L967CCyYMuepUray7kXv98ONveTMNkUXoKXPvlNSFLM0cxO4dxrF5TaGltZWu89VXQrkDqZTXw0eVVsOLyi9ZjevkYa6DamxJ5khvElGWNg8TFplegno4NIT6z3_e75va38GGCLqI2_xtacldZsCp4x1HkQM5Yi1mpMbfihGvTesOEO=w400-h400" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><u>Special Tools</u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Closing a plate pack could require a pneumatic spanner in case of large size PFHE. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>No dynamometric torque wrench is required. </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4750gQFUE-YHI2eyEVTnBgEQS2Jt22c2mproS5LblnUuMaG0fQ0NsYIfsgWj8ZhCoRFevOh0Z10cMfl7SKsxMtXGUjMkvL9ZFKX3RqnkeBrttrzWJFp8Z_MYzU71TEzQKA7R6kdk2xPkpSWdvQub0pSQpiHFtqRMzNN1i-3LWcNvS9Yw-hx01IuuE=s300" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="300" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4750gQFUE-YHI2eyEVTnBgEQS2Jt22c2mproS5LblnUuMaG0fQ0NsYIfsgWj8ZhCoRFevOh0Z10cMfl7SKsxMtXGUjMkvL9ZFKX3RqnkeBrttrzWJFp8Z_MYzU71TEzQKA7R6kdk2xPkpSWdvQub0pSQpiHFtqRMzNN1i-3LWcNvS9Yw-hx01IuuE=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><u>Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT)</u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Typical Frame material according to ASME VIII Div.1 is SA516-Grade 70</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEYR0fddwWuglxv6FC72-jMZyTs_DJmoGWM_0A3M-e5KjWs4UcpIRJJZbhDcE_bxz8NI6jH02Nfxjv1MMeLlaiVfWpKx6wf1OaZFLLR-DrhCgi5chtEU73Xrs2vCWM91yX_nLr7FS8mmgqLiJwCRiS99Ih1V1XhoGZDkgaONu9YW0q-RG7Y31GC45C=s672" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="672" height="445" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEYR0fddwWuglxv6FC72-jMZyTs_DJmoGWM_0A3M-e5KjWs4UcpIRJJZbhDcE_bxz8NI6jH02Nfxjv1MMeLlaiVfWpKx6wf1OaZFLLR-DrhCgi5chtEU73Xrs2vCWM91yX_nLr7FS8mmgqLiJwCRiS99Ih1V1XhoGZDkgaONu9YW0q-RG7Y31GC45C=w640-h445" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>In case of very low temperature (lower than -20 °C) in outdoor locations (like Russia, Kazakistan, Azerbaijan etc.) could be required different material so called calm iron</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><u>Documentation in different languages</u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">EPC Contractors are usually asking for documentation in english, but often when Russia is final destination also russian is required. Main issue is selection of documents to be provided in two languages...Vendor is considering main documents, like General Arrangement drawing, spare parts and ITP. Buyer is including several parts such as data sheets, mechanical calculations, material certificates etc. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>Translation cost could reach up to 500,000 Euro for a project of 1,5 Mln Euro...</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>Better clarify during negotiation</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhFt5UG1SX4fP-oIohl8RCDN9Lc-6LU2dQyzBRcdXmS0fK4xtzS-vs4TCN1bYQNpx9i8vitlBDjc-PoOx_gdxc8QndZ3_Dgjs_PsSl_Ruo834KL204hK0VcQyQarV4vYfMNWyX61oU47cBVUz9fVn2hV8NUWZX6TmAPwP8Ea8CtF9wVu31Ork2sW0Rp=s1446" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="1446" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhFt5UG1SX4fP-oIohl8RCDN9Lc-6LU2dQyzBRcdXmS0fK4xtzS-vs4TCN1bYQNpx9i8vitlBDjc-PoOx_gdxc8QndZ3_Dgjs_PsSl_Ruo834KL204hK0VcQyQarV4vYfMNWyX61oU47cBVUz9fVn2hV8NUWZX6TmAPwP8Ea8CtF9wVu31Ork2sW0Rp=w640-h216" width="640" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><u>Carrying bar design</u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><u><br /></u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">When frames are manufactured locally by distributors, sometimes carrying bars are just with circular section (just a pipe) instead of five points contact to stabilize plate pack so that plates are not supported on the top. <b>Check Carrying Bar design!</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SPJvl4A0xFQ" width="320" youtube-src-id="SPJvl4A0xFQ"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><h1 class="title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 0px; color: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-color,var(--yt-spec-text-primary)); display: -webkit-box; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 2.6rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 5.2rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-shadow: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-text-shadow,none); transform: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-transform,none);"><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" force-default-style="" style="word-break: break-word;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Five-point alignment system on Alfa Laval gasketed plate heat exchangers</span></yt-formatted-string></h1></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><u><br /></u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><u>Stud Bolts on connections</u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><u><br /></u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">If connections are stud bolts type, Vendor is not including as standard bolts...</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Check before release P.O. that stud bolts are included. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>In large size PFHE it could represent a significant amount of money!</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhdHRhKyctDroIi0Kok7rPpSLKECDpr9aQ2lzQa9kC_-XKupAxxRiNR-f9kDWg3XzNckSlUD08MA5jZqfimbIG90uOGFCAml9YzUqpZYxQXt9N0QpkeftpWguM53kHj3hEiJW6GedvGPmvdPrD6Yho97C2kA28ao2qmIerVEze0_hyoFg9xMXBjmqiQ=s242" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="208" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhdHRhKyctDroIi0Kok7rPpSLKECDpr9aQ2lzQa9kC_-XKupAxxRiNR-f9kDWg3XzNckSlUD08MA5jZqfimbIG90uOGFCAml9YzUqpZYxQXt9N0QpkeftpWguM53kHj3hEiJW6GedvGPmvdPrD6Yho97C2kA28ao2qmIerVEze0_hyoFg9xMXBjmqiQ=w344-h400" width="344" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">(continue)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div></span></div><br />Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-56758212114089372642021-12-17T05:47:00.000-08:002021-12-17T05:47:01.281-08:00Benefits of Compabloc technology versus shell & tube<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgV0okomaiyMNBhfR-CdnGj7h4PJqH8MhFM5qovpO6hmie9pbVxo8gNqSt-vn784VbdK5i1UC4Lhyxd8M6K4_rDWmq7kn7bgpuNHvd-EEOI_LadQG93JSuXtkZffAybU8Sn3hLzonYivEDKg2OOX_E7rSXawYTUO_uQmRc8g99e5fhkvaWWJjEKHolV=s635" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="357" data-original-width="635" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgV0okomaiyMNBhfR-CdnGj7h4PJqH8MhFM5qovpO6hmie9pbVxo8gNqSt-vn784VbdK5i1UC4Lhyxd8M6K4_rDWmq7kn7bgpuNHvd-EEOI_LadQG93JSuXtkZffAybU8Sn3hLzonYivEDKg2OOX_E7rSXawYTUO_uQmRc8g99e5fhkvaWWJjEKHolV=w640-h360" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7;">Compabloc</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">is a welded plate bloc type heat exchanger technology widely known for its high heat transfer efficiency and compact size. In the past three decades, more than 30,000+ units have been installed globally in various applications like crude oil refinery, oil and gas, petrochemicals, pulp and paper, mining and metal industries, to name a few.</span><p></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7;">Compabloc</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">technology is widely deployed in crude oil refinery processes like crude oil distillation, alkylation, hydrotreating, isomerization, catalytic cracking, sour water stripper etc. with more than 3000-unit installations, delivering high performance in heat recovery applications, condensers, reboilers and product coolers.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.71; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px;">Some of the most widely known benefits of <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.7;">Compabloc's</span> technology over Shell &Tube are:</p><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 16px;"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; display: block; line-height: 28px; margin: 8px 0px; padding-left: 24px; position: relative; text-align: left;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">High heat transfer efficiency</strong>—3 to 5 times heat transfer coefficients compared to shell & tube.</li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; display: block; line-height: 28px; margin: 8px 0px; padding-left: 24px; position: relative; text-align: left;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Compact Size—</strong>40,000 ft<sup style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">2</sup> of shell & tube equivalent HTA can be fit in 7 x 7 ft<sup style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">2</sup> of plot space.</li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; display: block; line-height: 28px; margin: 8px 0px; padding-left: 24px; position: relative; text-align: left;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Lower Capex/ Total Installed Cost</strong>—Less number of shells, piping, insulation, foundation, valves, instrumentation and smaller structure.</li></ul><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.71; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px;">This blog is intended to illustrate how <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.7;">Compabloc</span> technology fares compared to its century old conventional counterpart shell & tube heat exchanger technology. For the purpose of comparison, a design simulation study was made using Alfa Laval’s proprietary design software for <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.7;">Compabloc</span> technology and HTRI design software was used for shell & tube technology. Simulation was made for a typical heat recovery application in crude oil refinery—recovering heat from diesel product from atmospheric distillation column to boiler feed water. Table 1 shows/compares design output on various parameters for both <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.7;">Compabloc</span> and shell and tube technology.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3dGPX5DxaG0bmF3TS6Qf05ssFu_Nz8gC4cgU3ODwCaG6MD8nSg6pJh5xXxOZrhfGhwhLTKuvIsxJylcOt4CHHit0nNiCj6zBQI1H9aRLFm3jJRrkw9JSEAw2ULU4eOOJfnypsYg8dETt5HC0iLYbTU01JbPVmGyykQkFjFxKQsv9y3ZRRg9ktYWey=s642" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="342" data-original-width="642" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3dGPX5DxaG0bmF3TS6Qf05ssFu_Nz8gC4cgU3ODwCaG6MD8nSg6pJh5xXxOZrhfGhwhLTKuvIsxJylcOt4CHHit0nNiCj6zBQI1H9aRLFm3jJRrkw9JSEAw2ULU4eOOJfnypsYg8dETt5HC0iLYbTU01JbPVmGyykQkFjFxKQsv9y3ZRRg9ktYWey=w640-h340" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgEEJ2toGsOkLM6IlZYNV40kIemUzymGkKkcbYVxJ6Nf-yM-DFXy7Et3gzgv7pV_nPb3mBCZR9lhW4CQ7aZfy9kakTcRpYE8NqadGghUb35tXTaUmhpfF4jnA9nVM_9tCaSXQtCb6teuh8K7VKp2u--VnyAYgKzxMBodaKvzur27tKzAY5wiPhtaOro=s689" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="682" data-original-width="689" height="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgEEJ2toGsOkLM6IlZYNV40kIemUzymGkKkcbYVxJ6Nf-yM-DFXy7Et3gzgv7pV_nPb3mBCZR9lhW4CQ7aZfy9kakTcRpYE8NqadGghUb35tXTaUmhpfF4jnA9nVM_9tCaSXQtCb6teuh8K7VKp2u--VnyAYgKzxMBodaKvzur27tKzAY5wiPhtaOro=w640-h634" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgSTtQZpiyO0EkyWkuMvVfZS3fLAj-tptGzb7fNlcMAXdkpAZRd7LE--nGNyolSCZXTRX4YPIIt5h1rq0JAuochykHJ_0VznX6BkHWDDezGsnnxJUx8zCZLxTMwKSyl5wPTxO87Fvr_9WZkZghBtyq_x6C-gmo19kJ1kByI0keTB6nq4xnogxDLRACt=s716" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="700" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgSTtQZpiyO0EkyWkuMvVfZS3fLAj-tptGzb7fNlcMAXdkpAZRd7LE--nGNyolSCZXTRX4YPIIt5h1rq0JAuochykHJ_0VznX6BkHWDDezGsnnxJUx8zCZLxTMwKSyl5wPTxO87Fvr_9WZkZghBtyq_x6C-gmo19kJ1kByI0keTB6nq4xnogxDLRACt=w626-h640" width="626" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNP9QiV_dKzr2BwlIQxAVbrJS5yl7Cql_6HvmAjsnUPbbtNR4DGL_rZMKhD6GWNrEcC9RWuuu2e9BRL-Im0-_wW1209mOd7GjsON8IxBnjT6CTZX8dTzdXC3Tr0z0XLoa0pHG-egfJQSgCt4Mure3Cvpe8UIusc2D6sg89VTWcLqe5XDifwfbwqpLc=s641" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="641" height="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNP9QiV_dKzr2BwlIQxAVbrJS5yl7Cql_6HvmAjsnUPbbtNR4DGL_rZMKhD6GWNrEcC9RWuuu2e9BRL-Im0-_wW1209mOd7GjsON8IxBnjT6CTZX8dTzdXC3Tr0z0XLoa0pHG-egfJQSgCt4Mure3Cvpe8UIusc2D6sg89VTWcLqe5XDifwfbwqpLc=w640-h550" width="640" /></a></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.71; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.4rem;">The key takeaways we found when comparing the design output parameters of </span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.7;">Compabloc</span><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.4rem;"> and shell & tube from Table 1 include:</span></p><ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 16px;"><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; display: block; line-height: 28px; margin: 8px 0px; padding-left: 24px; position: relative; text-align: left;"><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;" />Compabloc</strong> needs five times less heat transfer area compared to shell & tube.</li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; display: block; line-height: 28px; margin: 8px 0px; padding-left: 24px; position: relative; text-align: left;">Total duty can be performed in single <strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Compabloc</strong> shell whereas we will need four shell & tube shells in series.</li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; display: block; line-height: 28px; margin: 8px 0px; padding-left: 24px; position: relative; text-align: left;">Total flooded weight for <strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Compabloc</strong> is 3.5 times less compared to shell & tube.</li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; display: block; line-height: 28px; margin: 8px 0px; padding-left: 24px; position: relative; text-align: left;">Total plot space, including maintenance space required by single <strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Compabloc</strong> shell, is 12 times smaller compared to 2 x 2 stacked shell and tubes.</li><li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; display: block; line-height: 28px; margin: 8px 0px; padding-left: 24px; position: relative; text-align: left;">Total installed cost of <strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Compabloc</strong> is six times less when compared with carbon steel shell and tube and eight times less when compared with SS tubes in shell and tubes.</li></ul><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.71; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px;">To conclude, <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.7;">Compabloc</span> welded plate heat exchanger technology is highly efficient, cost and plot space competitive for high heat recovery duties. We have also seen similar results in condensing applications with close temperature approach. General rule of thumb is: when you are working with two or more shell and tube in parallel/series, plot space limitation, tube metallurgy in higher alloys (eg. Stainless steel) OR when you want to reduce pressure drop, increase process unit capacity in same plot space, debottleneck or improve process efficiency, reduce utilities then you should consider evaluating <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.7;">Compabloc</span> technology. Please contact Alfa Laval’s welded plate heat exchanger technologists for a free evaluation and consultation of your case. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhkTbK5Zk3x9BVPMWcucGHAKsWnuqdWbTIHceAYxxlss3afgNBp-5ttrGhGFyycUclk8sf3wlCQ7aXJJAQsKHYfVZOyj2mTkXTJQXw7stozjS17DQmKCgANl_YTdd9RlDKg74PZeuA97TmvHLePLTtm8MZJBmSynMpnHdyJOZwKzZNlxpWiT8eaUeFX=s699" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="387" data-original-width="699" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhkTbK5Zk3x9BVPMWcucGHAKsWnuqdWbTIHceAYxxlss3afgNBp-5ttrGhGFyycUclk8sf3wlCQ7aXJJAQsKHYfVZOyj2mTkXTJQXw7stozjS17DQmKCgANl_YTdd9RlDKg74PZeuA97TmvHLePLTtm8MZJBmSynMpnHdyJOZwKzZNlxpWiT8eaUeFX=w640-h354" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.71; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.71; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px;"><a href="https://www.alfalaval.us/industries/energy-and-utilities/crude-oil-refinery/refinery-blog/benefits-of-compabloc-technology-versus-shell-tube/">https://www.alfalaval.us/industries/energy-and-utilities/crude-oil-refinery/refinery-blog/benefits-of-compabloc-technology-versus-shell-tube/</a><br /></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.71; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5hMJC6NiJ7dy-ru7un_8qLnK9z17dfDaYKBeK1xJukZhsDTju1NYcv1Xh2X4_bSlXtRyjUd7II4G9No2T2gDFwB2djI8Rmw1aqqXTQ-1U3okgAuUhejn_pFDCfMN68fOYuaySMCzBs_rH-g9W_CiqTRu4Sehvpdq25TOo2UqjDJF6ZiHdKWcNa0cd=s679" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="679" data-original-width="416" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5hMJC6NiJ7dy-ru7un_8qLnK9z17dfDaYKBeK1xJukZhsDTju1NYcv1Xh2X4_bSlXtRyjUd7II4G9No2T2gDFwB2djI8Rmw1aqqXTQ-1U3okgAuUhejn_pFDCfMN68fOYuaySMCzBs_rH-g9W_CiqTRu4Sehvpdq25TOo2UqjDJF6ZiHdKWcNa0cd=w245-h400" width="245" /></a></div><br /><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3d3935; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.71; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px;"><br /></p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-3750746006985719222021-12-10T10:53:00.000-08:002021-12-10T10:53:03.073-08:00Che scambiatori di calore devo usare in presenza di fluidi aggressivi come acido fluoridrico, cloridrico, solforico o soda caustica?<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiDNHxCX7PiNd1BzsOkv713GzkOeHGgSqkba68CqsFLYEYG6KX0qtixqepqJcWDshKtKBVjQABu7bEaggpnZkpq2J_O-e5wlklNc1aqKPicK4d-OrkIOnxgSLH61l86TAFOwZJpIPQw8FCAucvO91usn2mPv3FJ3bA0VQ_QIsdRQv2kcDe6EjZhZWq4=s340" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="267" data-original-width="340" height="503" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiDNHxCX7PiNd1BzsOkv713GzkOeHGgSqkba68CqsFLYEYG6KX0qtixqepqJcWDshKtKBVjQABu7bEaggpnZkpq2J_O-e5wlklNc1aqKPicK4d-OrkIOnxgSLH61l86TAFOwZJpIPQw8FCAucvO91usn2mPv3FJ3bA0VQ_QIsdRQv2kcDe6EjZhZWq4=w640-h503" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-D6-ZqHaC4UOUojtn1LyDm9gSRKAowt0_KiwSL6YYM91EOrqzRvkKgI0wfQo2SZDs89bl6POMmKcJ45BM3dhaHMvwnSBlFZXvdwKPwmDaSjlchyczUF7zOWpUOKUyrgemia2yerHXjQQJ7kaBmSCNM5uyMpse78n5jHWWIEzRIOPyQIe7rXln2xbi=s596" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="596" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-D6-ZqHaC4UOUojtn1LyDm9gSRKAowt0_KiwSL6YYM91EOrqzRvkKgI0wfQo2SZDs89bl6POMmKcJ45BM3dhaHMvwnSBlFZXvdwKPwmDaSjlchyczUF7zOWpUOKUyrgemia2yerHXjQQJ7kaBmSCNM5uyMpse78n5jHWWIEzRIOPyQIe7rXln2xbi=s16000" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://ecarb.it/italiano/index.php">http://ecarb.it/italiano/index.php</a><br /></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4_91GzRav5zoIB3r9znVK4u0MV4ldbPebSIGH4AOd-fMWciiH_QxtyQmmPZseXiGubIDO7gz9YCR0JcXCFu2v7Ze0qToCmm1a5kjCbVgF94mP9MM9mB6WNLRXwOYNaSRH8vQLF6IN9DxlXkGLubBneY2ESvF1IMaoLGV7dceJGSutJYO5iVZGmTKw=s858" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="858" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4_91GzRav5zoIB3r9znVK4u0MV4ldbPebSIGH4AOd-fMWciiH_QxtyQmmPZseXiGubIDO7gz9YCR0JcXCFu2v7Ze0qToCmm1a5kjCbVgF94mP9MM9mB6WNLRXwOYNaSRH8vQLF6IN9DxlXkGLubBneY2ESvF1IMaoLGV7dceJGSutJYO5iVZGmTKw=s16000" /></a></div><br />Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-74904337334529105772021-11-28T05:50:00.004-08:002021-11-28T05:59:52.706-08:00Plate & Frame Heat Exchangers: Tips & Tricks for Purchasing<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXFVIN9MB8Mv9NQBxA5-4E8Rq20JvHCHBjEbXs_9qIG8Cor2X26hLrS8ROp3rlynzka_wNeZ3XSvkbW2khBbGqq4eh_rQKn2NDUY0ZLerydaZnMlLJVGL5U1fIijbbDJxZO9ZSdqMUOZM/s1024/Document.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="1024" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXFVIN9MB8Mv9NQBxA5-4E8Rq20JvHCHBjEbXs_9qIG8Cor2X26hLrS8ROp3rlynzka_wNeZ3XSvkbW2khBbGqq4eh_rQKn2NDUY0ZLerydaZnMlLJVGL5U1fIijbbDJxZO9ZSdqMUOZM/w640-h342/Document.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Comparison among different quotations of Plate & Frame Heat Exchangers is not so easy...There are several criteria to take into consideration.</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><u>Pressure Drop</u></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">DeltaP is the driving force to generate turbolence in PFHE and design assuming 10 mwg rather than 5 mwg as mentioned in data sheets could reduce dramatically Heat Transfer Area (HTA). Furthermore estimation of max DeltaP available is based on thumb rule (piping plus valves plus elbows plus height plus PFHE head of the pump should be 20 mwg let's assume 30 mwg to be safe ). <b>That means if a Vendor calculation is based on 10 mwg after installation nobody will realize that DeltaP of PFHE is higher than expected.</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvnv1nK29CpSASoI1J3xrx5WvyHxyDbMf1KRPXwopeaqpWLB3aeKBSGR0uHnHm75-tTvLaWVar2bKpn6FYjs5jIR4xgljcAQfVW6Mle3D3ViL5B9mYlOhFKMrwfJROBhLl_HqplrfX0gY/s297/GUID-8CCBDD9D-BBE8-4DEB-8A1B-3EB57A321BDA.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="291" data-original-width="297" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvnv1nK29CpSASoI1J3xrx5WvyHxyDbMf1KRPXwopeaqpWLB3aeKBSGR0uHnHm75-tTvLaWVar2bKpn6FYjs5jIR4xgljcAQfVW6Mle3D3ViL5B9mYlOhFKMrwfJROBhLl_HqplrfX0gY/w400-h392/GUID-8CCBDD9D-BBE8-4DEB-8A1B-3EB57A321BDA.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><u>Connections size</u></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">General criteria is to get max 7 m/s velocity in connections, otherwise design software will select model with larger nozzles. Sometime Vendor to be more aggressive on price is offering a smaller frame with several plates... <b>After installation you will get whistles on connections due to high speed.</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBftgdxud9ahCFgzOArSIpiTcyFdMBI9AUaPW-WnNcVkMNEbE_h2Kh-bYUUhpFZqug78x39OL7cUGoajrE6P7zKO7N7ay1oF6fCRUv6yaEknWu7sN2OTqJWN1hxCeP8JVbltnt7Xzlauc/s640/gphe-640x360.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="640" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBftgdxud9ahCFgzOArSIpiTcyFdMBI9AUaPW-WnNcVkMNEbE_h2Kh-bYUUhpFZqug78x39OL7cUGoajrE6P7zKO7N7ay1oF6fCRUv6yaEknWu7sN2OTqJWN1hxCeP8JVbltnt7Xzlauc/w640-h360/gphe-640x360.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><u>Plate material</u> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Typical material is stainless steel (AISI 304,316,316-Ti,316 L). Sometimes to buy 316 could be cheaper than 304 due to larger quantities used by PFHE Vendor.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">316-Ti is common use in Germany, but there no significant advantage to use, because there are no weldings on pressed plates. Same concept with 316 L (low Carbon less than 3%) No weldings no need of low C conternt.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Sometimes data sheets are mentiioning materials that can not be pressed (like AlX6) </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">therefore alternative material should be selected (like 254 SMO). <b>Again larger amount of Titanium used by Vendor in Marine applications could be a cheaper option.</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghHeuIUDoGCJ6IQ-R-FEEh56mNhzJXtzmsmYchYOZO8mJ7tIn3sRzhfDRCH4e4KQEVAD7Qe3maHdqBbvX6kbf0-zoO4KQtIR5GMCqotEAe16WzqkzaS3xGtbpYBULPvEkhLiLHH-DnuxE/s402/unnamed.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="341" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghHeuIUDoGCJ6IQ-R-FEEh56mNhzJXtzmsmYchYOZO8mJ7tIn3sRzhfDRCH4e4KQEVAD7Qe3maHdqBbvX6kbf0-zoO4KQtIR5GMCqotEAe16WzqkzaS3xGtbpYBULPvEkhLiLHH-DnuxE/w542-h640/unnamed.jpg" width="542" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><u style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">AHRI PFHE Certification</u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Standard 400 certification is an independent, third-party verification of thermal performance</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">To certify a product to AHRI standards, the manufacturer submits specifications and performance data to AHRI for performance evaluation and potential certification.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Therefore if a Vendor is certified there are more guarantee on performance in comparison with other Vendors.</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfZcY3s-hl4_yBGQD7KNIR_vXoWSS0e6VLApLrIwk4B32ZVrrSbYvp9BZzy8rq0f2zerfviz4efgSKpm2AIsgpksxGWuGB1nKeEKVxv9ghu-Gf7GtQ31ibkQHWYqZlfSPM1n5fp8kDqTE/s549/Screenshot_34.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="468" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfZcY3s-hl4_yBGQD7KNIR_vXoWSS0e6VLApLrIwk4B32ZVrrSbYvp9BZzy8rq0f2zerfviz4efgSKpm2AIsgpksxGWuGB1nKeEKVxv9ghu-Gf7GtQ31ibkQHWYqZlfSPM1n5fp8kDqTE/w546-h640/Screenshot_34.png" width="546" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><u><br /></u></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><u>Pressure Vessel Code</u></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">Often Vendor is mentioning in offer "according to ASME VIII Div.1" without U Stamp.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">This includes mechanical calculations and materials according to the Code, but in <b>Oil & Gas U stamp is a must and could be an extra cost if not included in the offer. </b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">Futhermore delay in delivery time must be considered due to Inspector Audit in Vendor workshop and paperwork.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju9eXSS9zboE__L1KNfhxwt0uBYCMpPP5xa9bixk-CKbq3UTILxu7pKQSEO_03OiZpULyt_Ym0g0zPMKtbOJf8E3bgQGZYpV5ET-lLXUdUudeBDJQxSWoirZHl-dAxZZl9anRxLrFOTBE/s720/image-8.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="720" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju9eXSS9zboE__L1KNfhxwt0uBYCMpPP5xa9bixk-CKbq3UTILxu7pKQSEO_03OiZpULyt_Ym0g0zPMKtbOJf8E3bgQGZYpV5ET-lLXUdUudeBDJQxSWoirZHl-dAxZZl9anRxLrFOTBE/w640-h480/image-8.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><u>Spare Parts</u></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">Sometimes thare is some misunderstanding on spare parts denomination: </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>" Complete set of gaskets"</b> from Vendor standpoint is consisting of 4 nozzle gaskets for commisssioning and start up for Buyer standpoint is including 400 gaskets of installed flow plates pack...This occurs because specifications are copy & paste of Shell & Tube HX where gaskest where only on connections...<b>It is better to clarify before Purchase Order otherwise big discussion will start.</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjanjZ4w7TIPTKsmzp8E1XPTgeDxkZ7rqqPy0PtEo6qZiOUOKd1x5m4QvTiuTC7GlZ9sJ46en_9Q68SvdRMHtEmIKCltUqsdtku-SK7QfH9thaLPnD8-yavAeBl9kGPtKITSf46PqXE3lk/s1390/gphe_gaskets.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="994" data-original-width="1390" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjanjZ4w7TIPTKsmzp8E1XPTgeDxkZ7rqqPy0PtEo6qZiOUOKd1x5m4QvTiuTC7GlZ9sJ46en_9Q68SvdRMHtEmIKCltUqsdtku-SK7QfH9thaLPnD8-yavAeBl9kGPtKITSf46PqXE3lk/w640-h458/gphe_gaskets.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><u>Extra margin</u></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">Data sheets are mentioning often 10% on flowrate and 15% on surface (HTA).</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">But nobody is mentiong if DeltaP should increased as well. If a Vendor is calculating with same DeltaP, <b>Pressure Drop will be the limitating factor on PFHE performance and comparison of two Vendors will be incorrect.</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiURs3Er7Z759u8p_7kPwxCLf93U23bBz45mKrRGH5AQtqjins5oKp-CkHrlexdLMTSSvxDJuXx05NR7xgDzFh-Y1lnzJ9O1inFUxc8Oac58uB4FbMXIqtB6gb9KOs7qEGZqrhwvw-IDLA/s831/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_11.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="831" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiURs3Er7Z759u8p_7kPwxCLf93U23bBz45mKrRGH5AQtqjins5oKp-CkHrlexdLMTSSvxDJuXx05NR7xgDzFh-Y1lnzJ9O1inFUxc8Oac58uB4FbMXIqtB6gb9KOs7qEGZqrhwvw-IDLA/w640-h490/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_11.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><u>Plate arrangement</u></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">When Temperature profile is long theta, sometimes is cheaper to quote a multipass unit rather than a single pass with tall plate dimensions. The disadavantage of multipass is that connections are on pressure plate of frame, so that <b>every time service is required opening plate pack will require disconnect piping.</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLrx0IH5Xa1kqa9VdR9I55JwPd6hbT8zYe6jxwsqDFbRQDFHrshFyw4lBcFqpd-xsI5Mfth773A8EaYARi9V0MK6SLrAtn5MXskX51Y_iusHGMjy1Fs4SjdPPVTL1-LT3wArcvOO33vuQ/s512/unnamed+2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="512" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLrx0IH5Xa1kqa9VdR9I55JwPd6hbT8zYe6jxwsqDFbRQDFHrshFyw4lBcFqpd-xsI5Mfth773A8EaYARi9V0MK6SLrAtn5MXskX51Y_iusHGMjy1Fs4SjdPPVTL1-LT3wArcvOO33vuQ/w640-h302/unnamed+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-_ES-ka0HyB_H2UKuxlbNNHxP-5_fB5aL9gDzorIHgzf9wU2fVfcDLaG8zDnRG08hyphenhyphenwFP9v_KfFtVA40EBaoNVc6s7xfZGrSD702Hs7jFr86QgT4SXzMiBmrTgk-wcTN9WyeoBtoewX0/s1121/Screenshot_39.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="197" data-original-width="1121" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-_ES-ka0HyB_H2UKuxlbNNHxP-5_fB5aL9gDzorIHgzf9wU2fVfcDLaG8zDnRG08hyphenhyphenwFP9v_KfFtVA40EBaoNVc6s7xfZGrSD702Hs7jFr86QgT4SXzMiBmrTgk-wcTN9WyeoBtoewX0/w640-h112/Screenshot_39.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><u>Particle size</u></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><u><br /></u></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">If process fluids are involving particles, fibers or other suspended solids, some Vendors are quoting standard channel plates (3-4 mm) mentioning that turbolence will avoid fouling while other Vendors will quote <b>wide gap channel plates (6-12 mm) to guarantee long time operation. This could be the significant difference in prices...</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKrWIahAQIfxhkf6Sd3FChLdrQ1u3ssPXfxlK33eYMEXvHITzqsbSWr6QN3fhEaNwhKAdNBs8GY2HwBa8AHQbQaqblb76hh-BkaXIuXF5VYjDjGLYBh5wpAq3Lmf0LxKDEeR5jaoKHtJQ/s2048/Plate_heat_exchanger_-_dismantled_pic02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1478" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKrWIahAQIfxhkf6Sd3FChLdrQ1u3ssPXfxlK33eYMEXvHITzqsbSWr6QN3fhEaNwhKAdNBs8GY2HwBa8AHQbQaqblb76hh-BkaXIuXF5VYjDjGLYBh5wpAq3Lmf0LxKDEeR5jaoKHtJQ/w462-h640/Plate_heat_exchanger_-_dismantled_pic02.jpg" width="462" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><u>Shear Stress </u></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>API 662 prescribed that Shear Stress Tau must be higher than 50Pa in OIl & Gas applications. </b>Not every Vendor has this feature included in design software, therefore if PFHE data sheet is not including Shear Stress it means that Vendor is not used to work in Oil & Gas.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX15yvki_8-xTm2rUiPBFxg8LT4uqqR_0JrM7C70E65oZ6lr0nyElCd6aCkgJ221j0dvfiF-r9KcXeVY-OHYagBO4366d0WMYcNdzrfCXuJuk5EQOlkqhKRyb6kBjSX8hy2Y9vFOHw8UQ/s640/Three-normal-and-six-shear-stress-components-in-cylindrical-coordinates_W640.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="640" height="588" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX15yvki_8-xTm2rUiPBFxg8LT4uqqR_0JrM7C70E65oZ6lr0nyElCd6aCkgJ221j0dvfiF-r9KcXeVY-OHYagBO4366d0WMYcNdzrfCXuJuk5EQOlkqhKRyb6kBjSX8hy2Y9vFOHw8UQ/w640-h588/Three-normal-and-six-shear-stress-components-in-cylindrical-coordinates_W640.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsxMAo4NZSdlgBkzEXityH6y9WrmyoGmG6_3YUD-V9FoBkSse8kIINf2MsRMl3r7sfsh3F3S_GyX_16Q0SLR7V-QeduNwR4smfVIqxDebRfWafgREo9HgYQ19uGn3wTmpizFKfLas_zVI/s1158/Screenshot_38.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="202" data-original-width="1158" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsxMAo4NZSdlgBkzEXityH6y9WrmyoGmG6_3YUD-V9FoBkSse8kIINf2MsRMl3r7sfsh3F3S_GyX_16Q0SLR7V-QeduNwR4smfVIqxDebRfWafgREo9HgYQ19uGn3wTmpizFKfLas_zVI/w640-h112/Screenshot_38.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><u>Connections Type</u></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">The standard connection on PFHE is rubber lined or st.steel with stubolts.<b> In Oil & Gas applications in the Middle East Welding Neck is required with API 662 Nozzle Load according to Table 2 Severe Conditions. If Vendors have different type of connection impact on prices will be relevant.</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBPYKD3uFcX-iesqabDoWK-SX-CxtKUy9rCEFIERkUxuR-vd3kPkvORhOEOCSaePuw0WbmcNWaBmcKD20Mk6T8Ouej7K-772j6m73RUU_kPMHmg3WREAUZ7gmVNLrNwobwLSHrYGmM-E0/s831/Screenshot_37.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="805" data-original-width="831" height="620" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBPYKD3uFcX-iesqabDoWK-SX-CxtKUy9rCEFIERkUxuR-vd3kPkvORhOEOCSaePuw0WbmcNWaBmcKD20Mk6T8Ouej7K-772j6m73RUU_kPMHmg3WREAUZ7gmVNLrNwobwLSHrYGmM-E0/w640-h620/Screenshot_37.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTVnygxPgSJvrqSA215xdTgICOFtvykve2oC00D2GFe2Ab9NKABIDY1YMnKzqgSSmCJWTWz1EDlMTBLZB42w-Py2HdGvUIL7UxlJyFRCcSPejGq28MEIqMvpC7YIqcRIugGB3KpqXGlvM/s1276/Screenshot_36.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="679" data-original-width="1276" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTVnygxPgSJvrqSA215xdTgICOFtvykve2oC00D2GFe2Ab9NKABIDY1YMnKzqgSSmCJWTWz1EDlMTBLZB42w-Py2HdGvUIL7UxlJyFRCcSPejGq28MEIqMvpC7YIqcRIugGB3KpqXGlvM/w640-h340/Screenshot_36.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">Continue...</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><p></p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-54525768585102643472021-10-30T12:59:00.004-07:002021-10-30T13:00:54.720-07:00Nuovo episodio del podcast Scambio Termico su Spotify<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0YwrUblQA5dhY-FAAVhJCHHokETt1_drr8phsD0Le2Arafn9yVxVTWDvkZA37VvNlHo0pC-2cZAB1TMq4rMrtJAUK7OPXRu-h_b8IDzfzcFcgqvX6apByuMlM0m26S4Ehkg4-Qk2N6Vg/s883/Screenshot+at+Oct+30+19-40-48.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="883" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0YwrUblQA5dhY-FAAVhJCHHokETt1_drr8phsD0Le2Arafn9yVxVTWDvkZA37VvNlHo0pC-2cZAB1TMq4rMrtJAUK7OPXRu-h_b8IDzfzcFcgqvX6apByuMlM0m26S4Ehkg4-Qk2N6Vg/w640-h376/Screenshot+at+Oct+30+19-40-48.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/1DGbDoIjhwrid1yn80Nufs?si=JYLuyMYjRbO_KwnUwQOosw">https://open.spotify.com/episode/1DGbDoIjhwrid1yn80Nufs?si=JYLuyMYjRbO_KwnUwQOosw</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-61505757512028761892021-10-26T12:43:00.003-07:002021-10-28T06:55:14.241-07:00Gasketed Plate Heat Exchanger Design<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAgUlNKmGtWI-plYAwUHG-hQO96SHfZJ9nRxbtDdN1N0tr2tykSa-fkuaXYj16SD354iNaYS4_wAffDnSLLNW7gTOEg_642C1ozBPpRb_IVJ7KohwtRWsF_MiCPpVmO0Wvq1SBCNyyeTQ/s825/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_4.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="572" data-original-width="825" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAgUlNKmGtWI-plYAwUHG-hQO96SHfZJ9nRxbtDdN1N0tr2tykSa-fkuaXYj16SD354iNaYS4_wAffDnSLLNW7gTOEg_642C1ozBPpRb_IVJ7KohwtRWsF_MiCPpVmO0Wvq1SBCNyyeTQ/w640-h444/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_4.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p><br /></p><p><span face="museo_sans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-size: 15px;">Gasketed Plate Heat Exchanger Design is a Windows application that facilitates a user-friendly interface for analyzing thermal data and making calculations of gasketed plate heat exchangers. It comes bundled with a unit converter and database for fouling factors, overall heat transfer coefficients, and others.</span></p><p><span face="museo_sans_cond, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; color: #33528f; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.2px;">Analyze and calculate thermal data</span></p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">The only notable aspect about installation is that the tool cannot run if you don't have .NET Framework installed. Once setup is over, you can reach the main app window and start a new design by configuring some settings.</p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">You can set the component name, temperature range and flow rate for the hot and cold side as well as edit physical properties such as the specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity, density, fouling factor, and maximum pressure drop. The heat load can be either calculated or specified.</p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2iXrrMeds0pwtOyZSjHQA6ppz2VbWk4TiF_-H07_ajpLUOZ89sGblPV6k_M9_EC0XfDl4T9eg25hdBc-0qledzFN29hCNTjvRizcLYsr7HsIzbmdQgPeT_I09brMhOXy_VWDYFY1NFZM/s684/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="684" height="522" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2iXrrMeds0pwtOyZSjHQA6ppz2VbWk4TiF_-H07_ajpLUOZ89sGblPV6k_M9_EC0XfDl4T9eg25hdBc-0qledzFN29hCNTjvRizcLYsr7HsIzbmdQgPeT_I09brMhOXy_VWDYFY1NFZM/w640-h522/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_3.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><h4 style="background-color: #f2f4f8; color: #33528f; font-family: museo_sans_cond, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.2px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 20px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">Fill out information and make calculations easily</h4><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">In the following step, you can preview the design and input a wide range of data, such as geometrical parameters (e.g. port diameter, plate thickness, channel spacing), plate manufacturer, type and material, gasket material, connections and frame type, assumed overall heat transfer coefficient, along with software or user correlations.</p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Based on all these properties, Gasketed Plate Heat Exchanger Design calculates the average temperatures of the hot and color side, heat load, log mean temperature difference, number of transfer units based on the maximum temperature difference, and the surface area based on the log mean temperature correction factor.</p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL0A-GQpZuhN0GY8ggI_sytmSMX-m6Gfd1d1_8QuupUPdQdBz4tmq1-046sp63AVfZzCC6_ekoIKyDHT-TxaVBLuaoDCge8SFVbP7oU2flnYZIHCzUShS_GbXeeTFlKlVS64S3EK3vR2M/s825/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_4.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="572" data-original-width="825" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL0A-GQpZuhN0GY8ggI_sytmSMX-m6Gfd1d1_8QuupUPdQdBz4tmq1-046sp63AVfZzCC6_ekoIKyDHT-TxaVBLuaoDCge8SFVbP7oU2flnYZIHCzUShS_GbXeeTFlKlVS64S3EK3vR2M/w640-h444/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_4.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><span face="museo_sans_cond, sans-serif" style="color: #33528f; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.2px;">View and save the summary of the proposed design</span></p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Additional calculations focus on the plate pitch (e.g. compressed plate pack length, channel spacing), distilled and raw water (e.g. mass flow per channel, velocity through port and channel). You can also get a summary of the proposed design, print it, save it in Excel format, or it as an image.</p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijiymHBMsNx-PWneGoEGmci9gfkZDS0UE_4qPlcodUbLX6tBlqz1sCOEujuB9Fao2ftylPow9Lo2kAmkOY_ipmSsVC0Ri-027V2n5rGUPMWBNGNmiT1k_y8p98IV7ovYMYgVRzrgVve5c/s677/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_9.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="677" height="566" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijiymHBMsNx-PWneGoEGmci9gfkZDS0UE_4qPlcodUbLX6tBlqz1sCOEujuB9Fao2ftylPow9Lo2kAmkOY_ipmSsVC0Ri-027V2n5rGUPMWBNGNmiT1k_y8p98IV7ovYMYgVRzrgVve5c/w640-h566/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_9.png" width="640" /></a></div><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p>As far as program settings are concerned, it's possible to set the measurement unit to SI (metric) or US (imperial). You can also make conversions between many types of units such as area, density, energy, entropy and heat flux, check out the overall heat transfer coefficients, material thermal conductivity, manufacturer plates, and more.<p></p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkP9MJwl6F1Y0wAyKGZG-zNxHd14pJfsZo5fJxLPT_LBqHBv_82FUb_IRzAV9LEuf4vTkPqqyrKfoRwVTkdrRsbUrRsEaj6A9WJZXN6Li3aFJv7O35wemxU72oMe3KdG-ZW1yxt5-ug3E/s777/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_14.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="777" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkP9MJwl6F1Y0wAyKGZG-zNxHd14pJfsZo5fJxLPT_LBqHBv_82FUb_IRzAV9LEuf4vTkPqqyrKfoRwVTkdrRsbUrRsEaj6A9WJZXN6Li3aFJv7O35wemxU72oMe3KdG-ZW1yxt5-ug3E/w640-h408/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_14.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><br /><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><span face="museo_sans_cond, sans-serif" style="color: #33528f; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.2px;">Comprehensive and easy-to-use thermal calculator</span></p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">The tool worked smoothly on Windows 10 in our tests. It remained light on system resources usage throughout its runtime and performed calculations swiftly.</p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">All aspects considered, Gasketed Plate Heat Exchanger Design comes wrapped in a user-friendly interface and features practical options and a rich database for those interested in performing thermal analysis and calculations.</p><p class="mgbot_10" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-family: museo_sans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz0yVXbJmk3As4LO-uwUq2J5AHLnXhfkhLVilIyswTxxS6bHepJH2NCBjfkoaZ4aHL_zdayZgO83mgv_dopoNtpsPumuEletLSFzq-0yB8ggxALFfcsSNba9vkGtywWrvvQgdvHosWp6U/s831/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_11.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="831" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz0yVXbJmk3As4LO-uwUq2J5AHLnXhfkhLVilIyswTxxS6bHepJH2NCBjfkoaZ4aHL_zdayZgO83mgv_dopoNtpsPumuEletLSFzq-0yB8ggxALFfcsSNba9vkGtywWrvvQgdvHosWp6U/w640-h490/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_11.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div>Credits</div><div><br /></div><div><span face="museo_sans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700;">Gasketed Plate Heat Exchanger Design</span><span face="museo_sans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-size: 15px;"> was reviewed by </span><span face="museo_sans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f2f4f8; font-size: 15px;"><a class="bold" href="https://www.softpedia.com/editors/browse/elena-opris" style="color: #002873; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 700;" title="More reviews by Elena Opris">Elena Opris</a></span></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.softpedia.com/get/Others/Home-Education/Gasketed-Plate-Heat-Exchanger-Design.shtml">https://www.softpedia.com/get/Others/Home-Education/Gasketed-Plate-Heat-Exchanger-Design.shtml</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-eXS11aR_X_oJAuuyOv_52zggbhlHs3-xpYGqiTaG6zzi7iogJJ9Of9-O5VlSN3i17SsxHCsgD4FbjoKDenETql0JPmfPGUYhYkrLWtJXeoTx1RuU4Fn6BffMH00ZspOmbOhaPHcCXgc/s954/Screenshot_22.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="111" data-original-width="954" height="74" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-eXS11aR_X_oJAuuyOv_52zggbhlHs3-xpYGqiTaG6zzi7iogJJ9Of9-O5VlSN3i17SsxHCsgD4FbjoKDenETql0JPmfPGUYhYkrLWtJXeoTx1RuU4Fn6BffMH00ZspOmbOhaPHcCXgc/w640-h74/Screenshot_22.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieVJ6FMqTFtUJzLBowCZjC2vsKFCJoBfkI-Yo3ZtRXhTlzzXq6nyxo5LjUJX_DPjN2Mdh1pbLvjaqbWt6IQP8M-Dd22lSHfNfcvjEIhxtlp6nSUQb55sZN-a19zUa7r1b9okbkaX6CtgM/s663/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="663" height="540" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieVJ6FMqTFtUJzLBowCZjC2vsKFCJoBfkI-Yo3ZtRXhTlzzXq6nyxo5LjUJX_DPjN2Mdh1pbLvjaqbWt6IQP8M-Dd22lSHfNfcvjEIhxtlp6nSUQb55sZN-a19zUa7r1b9okbkaX6CtgM/w640-h540/gasketed-plate-heat-exchanger-design_2.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>
<div class="badge-base LI-profile-badge" data-locale="en_US" data-size="medium" data-theme="light" data-type="VERTICAL" data-vanity="giuseppetommasone" data-version="v1"><a class="badge-base__link LI-simple-link" href="https://it.linkedin.com/in/giuseppetommasone?trk=profile-badge">Giuseppe Tommasone</a></div>
Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-47963396848993104622021-08-04T03:16:00.002-07:002021-08-04T03:16:35.507-07:00Welded Plate Heat Exchangers Bloc Type (Compabloc) features<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizHouKzZ_WxSg5dwo_UHlIiT4PWs7Ew_RjvGVQd08iydz7mELe7csXHHl_UCzka9i_tP5fVMBXgMZZCFdo86mp_xrkpUv9lygctPZybun1qMX85AlOAkaZRW39L2MZcrbYEuPZEisQMl8/s768/2063-4-sq-ft-alfa-laval-vertical-316l-ss-compabloc-heat-exchanger-27199.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="538" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizHouKzZ_WxSg5dwo_UHlIiT4PWs7Ew_RjvGVQd08iydz7mELe7csXHHl_UCzka9i_tP5fVMBXgMZZCFdo86mp_xrkpUv9lygctPZybun1qMX85AlOAkaZRW39L2MZcrbYEuPZEisQMl8/w448-h640/2063-4-sq-ft-alfa-laval-vertical-316l-ss-compabloc-heat-exchanger-27199.jpg" width="448" /></a></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">While many process and maintenance engineers are familiar with the traditional gasketed plate heat exchanger, the welded plate heat exchanger has greatly expanded the appliable temperature and pressure rating available to the plate exchanger technology. The Compabloc welded plate heat exchanger has been used successfully for liquid-liquid, condensing, and reboiler duties. The Compabloc is one of the most flexible heat exchanger available and can often provide significant cost and installation savings over shell and tube heat and other style heat exchangers.</span></p><p><strong style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Beyond the Traditional Temperature and Pressure Ratings</strong></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">Traditional gasketed plate heat exchangers find many applications in the Process Industries. However, with gaskets, they do have temperature and pressure limitation. These limitations are generally around 350 °F and up to 400 psig depending on the gasket material required. The Compabloc welded plate heat exchanger contains only compression style gaskets like those used on the heads of shell and tube style heat exchangers. The resulting temperature and pressure limitations are raised to in excess of 700 °F and 600 psig.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpSLw5ut_xow48Pjzy2iHxrsl9cMxNMME2ehmzRnHZDUWhTy9zB3btwwCNhWVZyKSjcFCLZNPDfqOyez1JZyep68KatVsMAN61PnrIVUBCqsKOnmqeZ1PVrgOtx0SG9mg9aayw-cbbTvI/s762/exploded_view.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="762" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpSLw5ut_xow48Pjzy2iHxrsl9cMxNMME2ehmzRnHZDUWhTy9zB3btwwCNhWVZyKSjcFCLZNPDfqOyez1JZyep68KatVsMAN61PnrIVUBCqsKOnmqeZ1PVrgOtx0SG9mg9aayw-cbbTvI/w640-h436/exploded_view.gif" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Figure 1: Exploded View </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">of the Compabloc Welded </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Plate Heat Exchanger</span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">The Compabloc welded plate heat exchanger is constructed by building stacks of rectangular plates into a heat transfer heart. These plates are edge welded to one another to form channels with 5 mm spacings. The liquids flow in cross flow to one another and each side can be configured into the needed number of passes to achieve the necessary heat transfer duty and pressure drop limitations. Each heat transfer "heart" is then mounted between four (4) carbon steel columns which contain stud bolts. The fluids are separated by column liners made of the same materials as the heat transfer plates. The top and bottom panel are carbon steel, but the fluids do not contact the heads as each head is separatef from the fluid by the first and last heat transfer plate in the plate pack. Finally, four (4) carbon steel panels containing the flanged connections are lined with the same materials as the heat transfer plates. The carbon steel panels are drilled along the edges to accept the stud bolts from the columns. All four (4) panels are assembled with compression gasekts to complete the construction. Figure 1 shows an exploded view of the completed Compabloc welded plate heat exchanger. The heat transfer plates can be made of any material which can be cold pressed including stainless steel, Titanium, SMO, Alloy C series metals, and others.</span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHzhBY1TrF6qwHnIrqJrstzcHltjGOoNZZthyphenhyphenxMQ6GtNKy1oW3DcjmAWwnvyvHWoaXVgZ7CKdJCgMwwSXys38WTPArjuUmRM_kOZWjk9eFWP_H8IemS8YXkRmBZtcLOv6sXVxyek6bCLc/s474/CP_cleaning.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="346" data-original-width="474" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHzhBY1TrF6qwHnIrqJrstzcHltjGOoNZZthyphenhyphenxMQ6GtNKy1oW3DcjmAWwnvyvHWoaXVgZ7CKdJCgMwwSXys38WTPArjuUmRM_kOZWjk9eFWP_H8IemS8YXkRmBZtcLOv6sXVxyek6bCLc/w640-h468/CP_cleaning.gif" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Figure 2: Mechanical Cleaning </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">of a Compabloc Welded Plate Heat</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"> Exchanger</span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">One of the setbacks that welded plate heat exchangers have experienced for years in the marketplace is that they were not accessible for mechanical cleaning. The Compabloc brings all of the advantages of the plate heat exchanger (higher heat transfer coefficients and minimal installation space) along with the ability to mechanically clean the heat exchanger. The four (4) carbon steel panels can be removed for access to the heat transfer heart. Water lancing the Compabloc is comparable to the same procedure used for shell and tube heat exchanger. In fact, the heat transfer core has a very short flow path versus a 6, 8, 12, or even longer heat transfer tube. Additionally, if you''re accustomed to chemically cleaning your heat exchangers, you can enjoy the additional benefit of the very low hold up volume of the Compabloc welded plate heat exchanger to minimize the amount of flow and chemical solution. The high degrees of turbulence in the unit make the chemical cleaning highly effective. Figure 2 shows a medium sized Compabloc undergoing mechanical cleaning.</span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">The Compabloc welded plate heat exchanger can and has been used in a number of applications including:</p><ul style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Coolers (Liquid-Liquid duties)</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Heaters (Liquid-Liquid duties)</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Condensers (Two-Phase duties)</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Subcoolers (Two-Phase duties)</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Reflux and vent condensers (Two-Phase duties)</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Forced circulation and thermosiphon reboilers (Two-Phase duties)</li></ul><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">Figure 3 shows a Compabloc installed next to a shell and tube heat exchanger on an oil cooling duty. The Compabloc shown is actually performing 50% more heat transfer duty than the shell and tube heat exchanger installed next to it. Notice the savings in installation space. The Compabloc has special advantages in heating and cooling high viscosity fluids. Usually, on these types of duties, the overall heat transfer coefficient is limited on the side with the high viscosity fluid. The Compabloc allows you to take advantage of the plate type heat transfer coefficient on that side of the heat exchanger.</p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">The Compabloc can be mounted both vertically (for liquid-liquid duties) or horizontally (for two-phase duties)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiijE9CZ9ihrBQS7vC_qyB0Axes9ekmoigcOtB23_xAP4wDxka___jdIXZxRd0v6MKpz-rZyGwNYIkh1Uj7d5lTtO8JFuk-0ItWkTj6N5xriLSapGn2JOucCV2Rr1qYTm-LUqQh25svDEk/s717/CP_vs_shell_tube.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="332" data-original-width="717" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiijE9CZ9ihrBQS7vC_qyB0Axes9ekmoigcOtB23_xAP4wDxka___jdIXZxRd0v6MKpz-rZyGwNYIkh1Uj7d5lTtO8JFuk-0ItWkTj6N5xriLSapGn2JOucCV2Rr1qYTm-LUqQh25svDEk/w640-h296/CP_vs_shell_tube.gif" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Figure 3: Compabloc vs. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Shell and Tube Oil </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Cooler</span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">. Figure 4 shows both the vertical and horiztonal installation configurations. The Compabloc excels as a condenser due to the ability to remove condensate along several points along the length of the plate as condensing occurs. This allows the vapor to be exposed to the cold plate surface. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJObnsn7IybXtHGAn8NZw4Awf-gYrNybekeszZY2nVKrz3ywyp-wyuDdhgI-PYOKKnmBF3fzmQwnS7NZCUq57GyOJRsnVHThUo_HZ1qVKDwedFUwzkIdOaEITxblpOt1pCN5DMMTu8_tQ/s534/vert_horizontal.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="291" data-original-width="534" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJObnsn7IybXtHGAn8NZw4Awf-gYrNybekeszZY2nVKrz3ywyp-wyuDdhgI-PYOKKnmBF3fzmQwnS7NZCUq57GyOJRsnVHThUo_HZ1qVKDwedFUwzkIdOaEITxblpOt1pCN5DMMTu8_tQ/w640-h348/vert_horizontal.gif" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Figure 4: Vertical vs. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Horizontal Installation </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Configuration</span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">Figure 5 shows how condensate leaves the plate surface area.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4efBItEvSLUdpQjloOG3n23QTXaZTsmva051eFk-ZNULpGiMvyjV5I6Aa3m7Og8h0NaBvXg9oqcbvW2Dz9PJbztPrsjqxUwVo94OOIPzfK5eLV-SIS48CAesOW0yGf9hV1tKarEhJTFo/s475/condensing.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="475" data-original-width="313" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4efBItEvSLUdpQjloOG3n23QTXaZTsmva051eFk-ZNULpGiMvyjV5I6Aa3m7Og8h0NaBvXg9oqcbvW2Dz9PJbztPrsjqxUwVo94OOIPzfK5eLV-SIS48CAesOW0yGf9hV1tKarEhJTFo/w422-h640/condensing.gif" width="422" /></a></div><br /><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Figure 5: Compabloc </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Plate Channel on a </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Condensing Duty</span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">Another application where the Compabloc has been used widely is as a process interchanger. The ability to "cross temperatures" makes the Compabloc a superior choice versus shell and tube heat exchangers on interchanging duties. Where the shell and tube units may require seversal units in series, the Compabloc can utilize a single unit for the entire duty.</span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBl3xWontB6m38-jBQXXF3gQBfM6tWNRnUgh6BCK8gjsgrG5L9pH_gwZiGnpzvmRM0GmSe2LyRiqHdQPtKEEtVVqS0lalEdSTCkViVH0sUYvVmVWasb_GHIiP0_CmffQ6DOtN1AHudpns/s1089/subcooling.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="1089" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBl3xWontB6m38-jBQXXF3gQBfM6tWNRnUgh6BCK8gjsgrG5L9pH_gwZiGnpzvmRM0GmSe2LyRiqHdQPtKEEtVVqS0lalEdSTCkViVH0sUYvVmVWasb_GHIiP0_CmffQ6DOtN1AHudpns/w640-h282/subcooling.gif" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Figure 6: Compabloc as </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">a Condenser / Subcooler </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">in a Single Unit</span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #5a5a5a; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">The Compabloc can also be installed directly on the top of tanks for use as a reflux condenser. Additionally, while it''s common to use two different heat exchangers to condense and then subcool a liquid, this entire duty can easily be accomplished in a single Compabloc condenser. The ability to configure the pass arrangement to the needed duty makes this possible. Figure 6 shows a configuration for a Compabloc which was used in such a duty.</p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">Another common use for a Compabloc is as a steam heater, especially when higher alloys are required. The Compabloc can be installed in the horizontal position and condensate level control is utilized to control the liquid side temperature. Compablocs have been used as reboilers and condensers on the same separation column.</p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">Do you have a shell and tube heat exchanger that is causing a bottleneck in your system? Installing a Compabloc is series is a common method of debottlenecking a shell and tube heat exchanger, especially when floor space is at a premium.</p><p class="contentheading" style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">Conclusions</p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">The Compabloc heat exchanger is a very flexible heat exchanger which can be used to solve a wide variety of heat transfer problems. The ability to manufacture the heat transfer heart in many different materials of construction, the low heat transfer area required, minimal installation space needed, and flexibility to configure the pass arrangement as needed lend the Compabloc to many different applications in many different industries. Now, you can have a welded plate heat exchanger that you can clean, and you''ll never have to replace gaskets between the heat transfer plates. Consider the Compabloc welded plate heat exchanger for your next application.</p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">Credits</p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.virginiaheattransfer.com/content/heat-transfer/compabloc-heat-exchanger">http://www.virginiaheattransfer.com/content/heat-transfer/compabloc-heat-exchanger</a><br /></p><p style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 10px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-85155685625988481352021-04-14T12:47:00.023-07:002021-04-14T13:13:57.709-07:00The differences between vertical moving beds and rotary drums<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfqVJ2inE1NFVmoIIka4e5GZAIVx_IcwsMKb6fCOA5D1UbdQmvVgPCbb3KFZiLOczxablzTcYtIDhIymn8qpM_F-dxmH2T4JMA-QdSPuGRCUCTmoIuWcM78EqN894FIGecrmGEfg-4jTg/s476/Screenshot_1171.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="476" data-original-width="279" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfqVJ2inE1NFVmoIIka4e5GZAIVx_IcwsMKb6fCOA5D1UbdQmvVgPCbb3KFZiLOczxablzTcYtIDhIymn8qpM_F-dxmH2T4JMA-QdSPuGRCUCTmoIuWcM78EqN894FIGecrmGEfg-4jTg/w376-h640/Screenshot_1171.jpg" width="376" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><span face="Muli, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #4b565f; font-size: 14px;"></span><h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c213e; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 20px;"><br /></h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Solex Thermal Science’s vertical moving bed coolers, heaters and dryers rely on two fundamental principles for operation:</span></p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 15px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 15px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Indirect heat exchange</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 15px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Uniform mass flow of bulk solids</span></li></ul><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The first aspect, indirect heat exchange, helps to drive significant efficiency advantages over direct heating, cooling and drying equipment (e.g. fluidized beds, rotary drums).</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Taking heating equipment as an example. A direct heat exchanger will typically pass heated air through a bed of solid media to transfer energy to the solid. However, much of the energy in the air is not transferred to the solid. Instead, it is <a href="https://www.process-heating.com/articles/92391-considerations-when-recycling-air-and-material-in-fluid-bed-drying" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #97bf3c; text-decoration-line: none;">exhausted out of the equipment as hot waste gas</a>.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In the case of an indirect heat exchanger, energy in the heating media – whether it be steam, water or air – that is not transferred to the solid being heated is retained in the heating media circulation loop. This difference, exhausting unutilized energy versus recycling it, results in a large thermal efficiency gap between indirect and direct heat exchangers. Indirect heat exchangers are more efficient than their direct counterparts.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><br /></p><h5 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c213e; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Indirect heat exchangers – moving bed or rotary drum</span></h5><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">When comparing various types of indirect heat exchangers, the differences in efficiency can be more difficult to identify. The thermal efficiency of indirect systems tends to be relatively similar. This represents the lion’s share of the operating cost of a solids heat exchanger.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">However, the second fundamental operating principle of Solex’s vertical moving bed heat exchangers, uniform mass flow of bulk solids, provides significant advantages.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><img alt="Indirect rotary cooler N" class="left" height="156" src="https://www.solexthermal.com/assets/Blog-images/_resampled/ResizedImageWzM3NSwxNTZd/Indirect-rotary-cooler-N.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 5px 20px 10px 0px; max-width: 50%; vertical-align: middle;" title="" width="375" /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In a typical rotary indirect drying drum, material introduced at one end of the equipment is lifted and dropped numerous times as the material moves through the drum. Keeping all of that mass continually in motion requires a significant amount of energy – not to mention the drums take up considerable floor space, measuring up to several metres in diameters and 10s of metres in length.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">With Solex’s vertical moving bed heat exchangers, solids are lifted only once – typically using a bucket elevator or inclined belt. Once at the top of the unit, which typically has a plan area of two metres by two metres, gravity provides the motive force to convey the solids downward through the equipment while a small discharge device at the bottom of the heat exchanger controls the rate of throughput.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The possible energy savings in a Solex unit are significant, with a moving bed dryer requiring approximately half of the energy consumed by a comparable rotary indirect dryer.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; color: #4b565f; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial; font-size: large; font-weight: 700;">Indirect rotary</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial; font-size: large; font-weight: 700;">Vertical moving bed</span></p></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Electrical fan power</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">10kW</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">10kW</span></p></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Drive motor power</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">55kW</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">2kW</span></p></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Bucket elevator power</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">-</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">20kW</span></p></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Total power consumption</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">65kW</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">32kW</span></p></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Operating hours/year</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">8,000 h</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">8,000 h</span></p></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Total energy cost/year<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />(@ $0.15/kWh)</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">$78,000</span></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="208"><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">$38,400</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Energy consumption is only one factor to consider when comparing Solex’s vertical moving bed heat exchangers with rotary indirect equivalents.</span></p><h5 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c213e; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Temperature control</span></h5><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Solex’s vertical moving bed heat exchangers provides operators with flexibility over temperature control. Depending on the process requirement, the temperature of the heat exchange surfaces can be zoned at different temperatures, provide a gradient of temperature, or even designed to provide a specific rate of heat transfer.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Other indirect heat exchangers such as rotary steam tube systems typically provide only one zone of heating throughout the equipment.</span></p><h5 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c213e; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Cleaning and maintenance</span></h5><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Solex’s vertical moving bed heat exchangers resemble rectangular silos featuring large access doors on either one or two sides of the equipment. These doors, which are required for fabrication, provide ready access to all internal areas of the equipment. In the event that cleaning is required, they can be opened and material can be blown from the internal surfaces of the exchanger without personnel entering the equipment.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><img alt="Heater Ozsillomat Feeder SingleBank CAPTION" class="left" height="488" src="https://www.solexthermal.com/assets/Blog-images/_resampled/ResizedImageWzI3NSw0ODhd/Heater-Ozsillomat-Feeder-SingleBank-CAPTION.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 5px 20px 10px 0px; max-width: 50%; vertical-align: middle;" title="" width="275" /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Because material is discharged at the bottom of the exchanger, it’s a straightforward process to completely empty the equipment. In addition, the limited number and size of moving parts means there is minimal wear, routine maintenance and spare spares required to ensure continued operation.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Rotary equipment, on the other hand, can be difficult to fully discharge, while cleaning requires personnel to enter confined space access. Also, large bearings, chains and gearing require frequent preventative maintenance, and the complex fluid sealing systems required can be a source of leaks.</span></p><h5 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c213e; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Operational flexibility</span></h5><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">One area where rotary equipment tends to shine is in operational flexibility. In the event of upstream process upsets, rotary equipment is often able to process and discharge off-spec material without significant upsets in the heat exchanger itself.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In contrast, moving bed heat exchangers tend to thrive on uniformity. An influx of off-spec solids (especially sticky material) may result in fouling of the exchanger.</span></p><h5 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c213e; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Discharge uniformity</span></h5><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In applications where uniformity of the final product is critical, Solex’s vertical moving bed heat exchangers provide an excellent solution. Each particle of solid material entering the unit will have the same residence time as every other particle, provided the discharge device has been designed correctly. As each particle has the same residence time in the exchanger, it creates highly uniform particles at the outlet.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">This uniformity of residence time is more difficult to achieve in rotary drum heat exchangers, with some particles ‘short-circuiting’ and others remaining in the equipment for significant periods of time.</span></p><h5 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c213e; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Size</span></h5><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">As previously mentioned, rotary drums dominate many process plants, spanning huge lengths between concrete pillars mounted on the floor. A comparable Solex vertical moving bed heat exchanger may occupy just a few square meters of floor space.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">While a Solex heat exchanger may be several stories tall, it is still often smaller overall than other indirect equipment. This is due to the use of flat heat exchange plates, compared with tubular heating elements required in most other indirect heat exchangers. For a given volume, more than double the heat exchange surface area can be found in a plate-type heat exchanger than a tube-type heat exchanger. Depending on the constraints in your process and facility, it may be more advantageous to have equipment which is shorter but larger (rotary), or smaller but taller (Solex).</span></p><h5 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c213e; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Summary</span></h5><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">There are a number of factors to consider when choosing process equipment. Even when choosing between similar types of equipment, there remain significant differences. Whether it be efficiency, maintenance, flexibility or specific process requirements, it is important to weigh all the factors involved before making a purchasing decision.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Ready to talk specifics? </span><a href="https://www.solexthermal.com/contact/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #97bf3c; text-decoration-line: none;">Contact</a><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> a Solex team member today.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b565f; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span></p><table style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; color: #4b565f; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><img alt="Albert Bedell RESIZED" class="leftAlone" height="133" src="https://www.solexthermal.com/assets/ContactImages/_resampled/ResizedImageWzEwMCwxMzNd/Albert-Bedell-RESIZED.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; float: left; height: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 125px; vertical-align: middle;" title="" width="100" /><img alt="Untitled 1" class="leftAlone" height="13" src="https://www.solexthermal.com/assets/_resampled/ResizedImageWzEyNSwxM10/Untitled-1.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; float: left; height: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 125px; vertical-align: middle;" title="" width="125" /></p></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;"><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW165269885 BCX0" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h5 class="Paragraph SCXW165269885 BCX0" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c213e; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 20px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span class="TextRun SCXW232028496 BCX0" data-contrast="auto" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Albert Bedell, Regional Director, Asia Pacific</span><span class="EOP SCXW232028496 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></span></h5></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX0 SCXW165269885" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW232028496 BCX0" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Albert joined Solex in 2011 and has worked in variety of roles including R&D, materials testing, applications engineering, technical service and project management prior to moving into his current role as Regional Director for the Asia Pacific region. <a href="mailto:albert.bedell@solexthermal.com?subject=Solex%20Thermal%20Science%20Inquiry" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #97bf3c; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Email to Albert">Contact Albert</a></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span></p><div><br /></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-85010941384001170692021-04-12T14:20:00.035-07:002021-04-12T14:42:22.985-07:0010 Good reasons to use a Plate & Frame Gasketed Heat Exchanger GPHE<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVW-JXX37hgoqWgg0hWfyUeJQIBmD9OJY8fM0ba-BAKIhAo6je1iDKc_6loMD_5B5hWABCFMkqWGdIC8pEDx0jZ6-YbAq4E9T-TOS0em3eCG98dh9dFTQ8TV_4OqjS-JCZWm14xCkHxEU/s358/Screenshot_975.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="343" data-original-width="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVW-JXX37hgoqWgg0hWfyUeJQIBmD9OJY8fM0ba-BAKIhAo6je1iDKc_6loMD_5B5hWABCFMkqWGdIC8pEDx0jZ6-YbAq4E9T-TOS0em3eCG98dh9dFTQ8TV_4OqjS-JCZWm14xCkHxEU/s320/Screenshot_975.jpg" width="320" /></a> </p><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">After over 30 years working in Heat Transfer, I realized that there are several reasons to select a Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger in different applications. Let summarize</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>1</b>.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> High thermal efficiency - close temperature approach </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In these days Heat Recovery is a must in every new project, therefore a unit able to handle small LMTD (till 1°C) like in District Heating plants represents a huge tool to reach ambitious low energy consumption </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC_L8KLO95MR6GzWVtUL3zSD_6QV72fVHr1FazytyBi6RhqO4TwRbfWbnkTY4bCBY7Gic9X_MVWWrsfFiHtZ469MPt6qXOP-M_byBBj2VQWzabYlO3H9Xv0sv1_GLwAEGQRMP252Qz89s/s1747/LMTD-Equation.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1747" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC_L8KLO95MR6GzWVtUL3zSD_6QV72fVHr1FazytyBi6RhqO4TwRbfWbnkTY4bCBY7Gic9X_MVWWrsfFiHtZ469MPt6qXOP-M_byBBj2VQWzabYlO3H9Xv0sv1_GLwAEGQRMP252Qz89s/w640-h454/LMTD-Equation.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>2. Reduced Footprint</b>. In comparison with a traditional Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger, size ratio. is <b>1:9. </b> Furthermore Shell & Tube HX requires an additional free space available for extraction of tube bundle for maintenance.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In case of System Builders manufacturing skid mounted unit, this advantage allows more compact executions, in terms of size and weight</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1jMWjLNS0xeYbzfGGiGTonZ9tkwFs2QB_mduoWfttIT84g15Tcrz0unV0XnfOtvipbUfY50M94Eg3swwjU_UQEbsQQZcxbSYLiRFzArCr4tscT8vIV1WQh9SiwZnaBGsUbhv2ApoZ6yI/s1030/Screenshot_1160.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="1030" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1jMWjLNS0xeYbzfGGiGTonZ9tkwFs2QB_mduoWfttIT84g15Tcrz0unV0XnfOtvipbUfY50M94Eg3swwjU_UQEbsQQZcxbSYLiRFzArCr4tscT8vIV1WQh9SiwZnaBGsUbhv2ApoZ6yI/w640-h325/Screenshot_1160.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935;"><br /></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>3.</b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Flexible - easy to adapt to changed duty requirements</b>. As standard every PHE is designed with carrying bar able to install 25% additional plates. In case of new operating conditions is possible increase plate pack after installation, while Shell & Tube HX heat transfer area (HTA) is fixed. </span></span></span><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">It is possible to improve performance with insertion of turbolator on tube bundle, but results are limited and not exactly predictable.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">PHE software can exactly design unit for the new duty required (Plate arrangement, mixing to get theta required, pressure drop max allowable etc.). For this reason there is no need to add large extra margin on surface at the beginning (like for Shell & Tube HX) because plate number can be increased (or reduced) if necessary.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOeCkrnE5Z_EUWJzw2SUwFYcttC3xIAzQgjCQCaneTHFAx8JA2BBQO7IKTdVst-naxuHDNPMfGC3PhJd306Vs_Ys7YIv_LN4c-fR4jQAzhhKS3tIO_xVkJmD-VufdiFqq4gQZTpUlc2z0/s1328/Revisie+platenwarmtewisselaars+%25281%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1328" data-original-width="747" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOeCkrnE5Z_EUWJzw2SUwFYcttC3xIAzQgjCQCaneTHFAx8JA2BBQO7IKTdVst-naxuHDNPMfGC3PhJd306Vs_Ys7YIv_LN4c-fR4jQAzhhKS3tIO_xVkJmD-VufdiFqq4gQZTpUlc2z0/w360-h640/Revisie+platenwarmtewisselaars+%25281%2529.jpg" width="360" /></a></div><b><br /></b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>4.No weldings.</b> Plates are pressed with an hard material die to obtain corrugation pattern. If nozzles are rubber lined or metal lined with stud bolts connections, there are no welded parts, points of possible corrosion attack. Only in case of welding neck connections (typical of OIl & Gas) weldings are involved.</span><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;">Therefore there is no need to use 316 L (low carbon less than 3%) useful in case of weldings like in the Shell & Tube HX's.</span><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKgptJQ-ollQArJBAvNCPxKu0ENjwpcKONnWROBpE0wfFFJUtPv6tRPo47keYAMTzdit0_QTHmzBtJ3eXFjbazhy361WMVqGg_wA7n9GxSRGQ422RZZMYrRAvd7fr3i-VpyoJ3g_6yNBM/s682/Screenshot_1161.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="682" height="598" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKgptJQ-ollQArJBAvNCPxKu0ENjwpcKONnWROBpE0wfFFJUtPv6tRPo47keYAMTzdit0_QTHmzBtJ3eXFjbazhy361WMVqGg_wA7n9GxSRGQ422RZZMYrRAvd7fr3i-VpyoJ3g_6yNBM/w640-h598/Screenshot_1161.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>5. No possible mixing between two fluids</b>. Special design of gasket (double hole.protection) on the area around inlet. If fluid in case of possible damage of rounded one is passing through, second triangolar gasket will avoid possible mixing Leaking will be on small channels inside gaskets (escape routes) out of plate pack.</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">.</span></p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4qCJJqaJxREbJNPUXMTncxyn4rny27aO6E01c8vtqmh-S_28o7hZIVcY5FBc-9tbg7aEgYjTIm_AmEHBpSrigvMlyrPc66j058XyboqCHrElgZjHSI3I31vNjlCSX1Xpk5gzmLKS-ppQ/s1600/PHE+ALFA+LAVAL+M15+008.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4qCJJqaJxREbJNPUXMTncxyn4rny27aO6E01c8vtqmh-S_28o7hZIVcY5FBc-9tbg7aEgYjTIm_AmEHBpSrigvMlyrPc66j058XyboqCHrElgZjHSI3I31vNjlCSX1Xpk5gzmLKS-ppQ/w640-h480/PHE+ALFA+LAVAL+M15+008.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>6.Both sides cleanable. </b>Opening plate pack is giving opportunity to acces to both sides of plates fir cleaning and maintenance. Once disassembled plates can be cleaned immersed in chemical bath. Shell & Tubes HX's are easy to inspect tube bundle, but not so easy on shell side.Semiwelded PHE, Shell & Plate HX's got same problem. Compabloc HX's have access on both side, but lower part of plate corrugation can not be conpletely cleaned.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL2gqsDCcK1gZX5trVey0zOoSbxz6pzfJJYaVjfB2QnC3N3KuYkAQn20s3LX8R6qDLnIw5s1shlaqUW1P9GE0QjyB5vrJN9aZtiDNdYESiVQQGe5ycAxyqJyFPa3PB8616rIB5J3fIEyY/s799/Screenshot_1162.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="799" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL2gqsDCcK1gZX5trVey0zOoSbxz6pzfJJYaVjfB2QnC3N3KuYkAQn20s3LX8R6qDLnIw5s1shlaqUW1P9GE0QjyB5vrJN9aZtiDNdYESiVQQGe5ycAxyqJyFPa3PB8616rIB5J3fIEyY/w640-h422/Screenshot_1162.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>7. Small hold up (internal volume)</b>. PHE at the beginning of use for production of domestic hot water was called "istantaneous HX" because people used to wait for a while hot water from traditional boiler was impressed by prompt reaction after valve opening. In other word, due to small internal volume reaction was much faster than traditional boier or Shell &bTubes HX. This feature is appreciated in many other applications (e.g. reactor thermostatation, metal treatmen baths etc.).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;">Generally speaking an accurate temperature control system is a guarantee of good energy managagement like in District Heating plants.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg38itvsLApO01Z5sqvnVsQ8Io3mwBfZ1fHkM1VOWw0Ukgdj96LQ9AIjFC-4zKW4oBtk_xa3DSoERUzHUq4zmY9SHkZBkKKnfqvx0i2NkOEZVXghs_YgjHfFV2hysMVweNoeA24LVgAO1A/s936/Screenshot_1163.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="936" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg38itvsLApO01Z5sqvnVsQ8Io3mwBfZ1fHkM1VOWw0Ukgdj96LQ9AIjFC-4zKW4oBtk_xa3DSoERUzHUq4zmY9SHkZBkKKnfqvx0i2NkOEZVXghs_YgjHfFV2hysMVweNoeA24LVgAO1A/w640-h418/Screenshot_1163.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>8.High turbolence - self cleaning</b> Corrugation pattern is creating helix flow circulation that due to pressure drop as driving force is creating turnolence. In a PHE limit value from laminar flow to turbolent flow is Reynolds > 200 while in Shell & Tube HX is Reynolds > 1,500. Due to geometry of plate herring bone pattern, velocity in PHE is higher than in Shell & Tube HX, so that fouling is reduced.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi2dqcqs_H7AN5VnpBFTcWFl82p8JF7hsfZGj2y501_IEdbudorUkVzE6BoDu42qPsJD3et7IwQTgYFknaW8SAExQcTg-8Lr0bwikhnuMKMYHw54K2NTnajEUP9q-Ui4mAtD0v9cPctBU/s873/Screenshot_1165.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="544" data-original-width="873" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi2dqcqs_H7AN5VnpBFTcWFl82p8JF7hsfZGj2y501_IEdbudorUkVzE6BoDu42qPsJD3et7IwQTgYFknaW8SAExQcTg-8Lr0bwikhnuMKMYHw54K2NTnajEUP9q-Ui4mAtD0v9cPctBU/w640-h398/Screenshot_1165.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>9. Asymmetric flow optimization</b>. With new free flow / wide gap channel plates it is possible handling fluids with two different flowrates. With previous design PHE was by default designed with same flowrates for both sides, due to equal flows in two similar circuits. Special executions as condensers have also connections of different sizes.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhq7QOtdGfKYfGvgiPT5_EHAzFT9jFiELKBzoW9KNH4HkVCWVQIirvymWitkI2z82tm5zMf7_KAgzqoG2Aoj3EC6hyphenhyphenPSS2vSPTqNne8TSYlY4iB6hEyecoeJ4Dlo7rkutp5iNbpeuw23k/s1315/Screenshot_954+%25281%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="905" data-original-width="1315" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhq7QOtdGfKYfGvgiPT5_EHAzFT9jFiELKBzoW9KNH4HkVCWVQIirvymWitkI2z82tm5zMf7_KAgzqoG2Aoj3EC6hyphenhyphenPSS2vSPTqNne8TSYlY4iB6hEyecoeJ4Dlo7rkutp5iNbpeuw23k/w640-h440/Screenshot_954+%25281%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>10. Sanitary execution</b>. Plates used in Pharma and in Food & Daìry applications meet 3-A standard. <span style="background-color: white; color: #3d3935;"> </span>Frame available in multisection applications are standard in st.steel in hygenic execution with connection plate corners interchangeable.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The glue-free gaskest are made with FDA-compliant materials </span></div><div><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIcvwrbdyDIFXkDPnhkOgsenRqzbiK5cvexCWZyhCnOJRDHrZvsWznibq0mtZRIVyCJ3I9dHmD7lYPDDTfN7QDuCaTKQXBl4pHW18sCN9-AJzUSTzJFNQVIu2LKvpLhoWE9j__XKPHrXg/s601/connection-plate+%25281%2529.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="558" data-original-width="601" height="594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIcvwrbdyDIFXkDPnhkOgsenRqzbiK5cvexCWZyhCnOJRDHrZvsWznibq0mtZRIVyCJ3I9dHmD7lYPDDTfN7QDuCaTKQXBl4pHW18sCN9-AJzUSTzJFNQVIu2LKvpLhoWE9j__XKPHrXg/w640-h594/connection-plate+%25281%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">(continue...)</span></p></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-61651777500766739702021-03-22T15:03:00.023-07:002021-03-22T15:25:51.725-07:00Nuovo episodio su Spotify Podcast Scambio Termico<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVkksVxVe_U2PBKSKeWMoIWs5KGcaOMxjC5hXojoXU7tilxrj2kDOwR2d7KEgSGR3yWw1NHYtggBQ41rfOlwJhPWSY_kJXYNmhasbkX_N7XhjEtW6CSdIJeNIoXnavbXxIXaYZXkXkOPk/s693/Screenshot+a23t+Mar+22+23-24-22.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="245" data-original-width="693" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVkksVxVe_U2PBKSKeWMoIWs5KGcaOMxjC5hXojoXU7tilxrj2kDOwR2d7KEgSGR3yWw1NHYtggBQ41rfOlwJhPWSY_kJXYNmhasbkX_N7XhjEtW6CSdIJeNIoXnavbXxIXaYZXkXkOPk/w640-h226/Screenshot+a23t+Mar+22+23-24-22.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/0DKHz7AIydUmiV3XaZUfUD?si=wdn1spFKSRG2LEgLd8FrFQ">https://open.spotify.com/episode/0DKHz7AIydUmiV3XaZUfUD?si=wdn1spFKSRG2LEgLd8FrFQ</a></p>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3842289950919052545.post-39590437142326344412021-02-22T11:12:00.000-08:002021-02-22T11:12:33.106-08:00Plate Heat Exchangers Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Part 3<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJytGgJ1H32ffTV4SnpMYLVVBQhVLLX9lShdvsLRUSoyjIKEpn7wKkuvSsvVy-I9BCaOIEsgwgj8c7A3gpsETyk5fS0klgTvjFvONg1KgvkDI9KfUavJ9PSrS-KCb6_5sYsCweF40Hn_k/s1024/AdobeStock_275887954-1024x1024.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJytGgJ1H32ffTV4SnpMYLVVBQhVLLX9lShdvsLRUSoyjIKEpn7wKkuvSsvVy-I9BCaOIEsgwgj8c7A3gpsETyk5fS0klgTvjFvONg1KgvkDI9KfUavJ9PSrS-KCb6_5sYsCweF40Hn_k/w640-h640/AdobeStock_275887954-1024x1024.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I realized that talking about questions on Plate Heat Exchangers could be a very long story... Now let's go ahead on Part 3.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(Q) On Data sheet is mentioned AHRI Certified. What does it mean?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(A) </span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The AHRI Product Performance Certification Program is a voluntary program, administered and governed by AHRI, which ensures that various types of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration, and water heating products perform according to manufacturers’ published claims. Products that are certified through the AHRI Product Performance Certification Program are continuously tested, at the direction of AHRI, by an independent third–party laboratory, contracted by AHRI, to determine the product’s ability to conform to one or more product rating standards or specifications.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This program applies to Production Models of Gasketed Plate-Type Heat Exchangers, that utilizes any of the following fluids on one or both circuits, for HVAC applications only.</span></p><ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 12px 12px 40px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Water;</span></li><li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Seawater;</span></li><li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Ethylene Glycol (10%-50% concentration);</span></li><li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Propylene Glycol (10%-50% concentration)</span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfqWJe56gizCCSGV5xAo0LavDtoyKFxVRRh1r8jOxTmrgxqQxx4baZiOzD2DKy1d2NDKnAfmxnfADKBpiR0hgXko6a_BzqokL6U3D19xcCBQRUX9VZ09H40N1gYwnprTHV_K_eZvp8Z5k/s791/Screenshot_1119.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="401" data-original-width="791" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfqWJe56gizCCSGV5xAo0LavDtoyKFxVRRh1r8jOxTmrgxqQxx4baZiOzD2DKy1d2NDKnAfmxnfADKBpiR0hgXko6a_BzqokL6U3D19xcCBQRUX9VZ09H40N1gYwnprTHV_K_eZvp8Z5k/w640-h324/Screenshot_1119.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(Q) Our Maintenance Dept. trying to solve problerm due to leakage, was tightening plate pack too much, less than "A" measure in nameplate, so that plates are deformed. There are any chance to reshape plate on original pattern?</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(A) Generally once plate has lost original corrugation design it is no worth trying to get back to previous shape, it is better to buy a new plate pack.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Just in case of large size plate in exotic material trying to adjust existing plate makes sense, bearing in mind that in any case positive results are not guaranteed.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(Q) Several PHE Manufacturers are mentioning clip-on, Clip-Grip gaskets, Sonderlock, Eco-Loc glueless gaskets. Which are advantages?</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(A) In recent years glueless gaskets has been introduced, mainly in HVAC market later on on industrial application. First of all we have to consider that glue function is to keep gasket in right position on gasket groove of plate and NOT to seal fluids.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Glue is never in contact with process fluids. Take away glue from gasket it not easy (sometimes nitrogen at low temperature was used to get brittle material of gasket for easy removal),</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTcFhQbZqz89uoi7hWRldREbVC5GAlFD_y5EenozJpt5RpbHM48toN1hx5iP_b_V4Q-osXDO4tf6hIfCImVBIsP8uscEKXWHNxkzkEYJPIN_3bynzba0KN4QyQsrZ4Mch2X9xqvjniY1w/s350/plate_repair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="263" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTcFhQbZqz89uoi7hWRldREbVC5GAlFD_y5EenozJpt5RpbHM48toN1hx5iP_b_V4Q-osXDO4tf6hIfCImVBIsP8uscEKXWHNxkzkEYJPIN_3bynzba0KN4QyQsrZ4Mch2X9xqvjniY1w/w480-h640/plate_repair.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In the field is rather common to heat up backside of the plate with burning flame to remove gasket or in Service Centre a solution of caustic soda at 20% at 60 °C followed after water rinsing with ortophoshopric acid at same condition is best way.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOC3FA0lX-au24rbPG-q2ajD3AN3I9grym7sTps2RxLRHKJWhSYwqcQ_l-YnNSdytFdIjvSFjJ_INFKOeD4ryuJvB2Y0rpUyDxEZmfp7cawO4ole9FKxte7fgEPMKv2NpsK8dKMy6FKlE/s716/Screenshot_1121.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="716" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOC3FA0lX-au24rbPG-q2ajD3AN3I9grym7sTps2RxLRHKJWhSYwqcQ_l-YnNSdytFdIjvSFjJ_INFKOeD4ryuJvB2Y0rpUyDxEZmfp7cawO4ole9FKxte7fgEPMKv2NpsK8dKMy6FKlE/w640-h360/Screenshot_1121.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div>In the past main issue was on large size plates, because once opened plate plack, gaskets were sticky to back side of adiacent plate and often after efforts collapsing on the earth. For this reason EPC Contractors and top players on Oil & Gas were keeping glue gaskets in their projects.</div><div><br /></div><div>Recently, with new development on fixing system of gaskets on plate like Clip-Grip gluless gasket are widely accepted.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHCZl9CcJVEyueUA9sh6CKNiiFNguRmDsNKxMKnFZ3BZTw9rAyiN0foirkCQ5vfo69gI1y07LheSOHz1uKJi0kEExi3ZEf-zqPCdu2ADfAsWuQ276y3UfwmoxA0f3jf_R0bVapt9R-ves/s980/Screenshot_1122.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="532" data-original-width="980" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHCZl9CcJVEyueUA9sh6CKNiiFNguRmDsNKxMKnFZ3BZTw9rAyiN0foirkCQ5vfo69gI1y07LheSOHz1uKJi0kEExi3ZEf-zqPCdu2ADfAsWuQ276y3UfwmoxA0f3jf_R0bVapt9R-ves/w640-h348/Screenshot_1122.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div>(Q) We found small traces of process fluid in cooling water, but looking at plates we are not able to detect any hole. What shall we do?</div><div><br /></div><div>(A) In case of chloride presence higher that 300 ppm corrosion could be possible (pitting) with 304/316 steel as plate material, difficult to detect (small holes)</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2zkGOanCzwTlmytTjuiyDt1HtAt5hK4M2QWlxIgwZ6KB5D72_FTsWTwKDHnTiEZavqPt3P18RJR-HTKJSYKZtoLRXq46G6_eX7plZ2Qr8ygrsIxLJ1vzdw3Q96kqIUvxsk_DqCwhNowI/s266/pittimg.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="189" data-original-width="266" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2zkGOanCzwTlmytTjuiyDt1HtAt5hK4M2QWlxIgwZ6KB5D72_FTsWTwKDHnTiEZavqPt3P18RJR-HTKJSYKZtoLRXq46G6_eX7plZ2Qr8ygrsIxLJ1vzdw3Q96kqIUvxsk_DqCwhNowI/w640-h454/pittimg.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Only alternative to inspect for corrosion, holes or cracks is dye penetrant testing. Using this method, which originated in the aviation industry, even the finest hairline cracks in the plate can be made visible.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">After cleaning, the entire surface of each single plate is sprayed with a fluorescent paint. After the appropriate exposure time, the plate is rotated and thoroughly inspected under UV light in the darkened test room. Damaged plates are marked accordingly and sorted out. Flawless plates are now cleaned again by means of high pressure. </span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><span face=""roboto" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">The ultraviolet test is used upon request, usually specialty applications where fluid mediums can only detected under UV light. </span></div><div><span face=""roboto" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXKo9Q1TRlRziI3mn1otFv8dqn9BYK6vMDMOm2cu8HFVwQNcvN0FfxBYuflGgqina_dAAyn6HRnlChxKKoqn-kxvl9FEH2CVLiU8G0WfHnYbVJqhyphenhyphenmXoBq4qRtOVfi0VUZEcc7q2FWrDw/s660/AKK1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="346" data-original-width="660" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXKo9Q1TRlRziI3mn1otFv8dqn9BYK6vMDMOm2cu8HFVwQNcvN0FfxBYuflGgqina_dAAyn6HRnlChxKKoqn-kxvl9FEH2CVLiU8G0WfHnYbVJqhyphenhyphenmXoBq4qRtOVfi0VUZEcc7q2FWrDw/w640-h336/AKK1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white;">On site </span><span style="background-color: white;">Dye-Testing is standard for locating cracks, pinholes, or failures. With red dye-penetrant saturating the plate surface, and white developer solution covering the reverse side, test is capable of detecting even miniscule imperfections</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC5cGe94GVddk6WaFD7iRpN6HmiHlmv2aDQSizHDx1BRf5KyOZkpaX_slSMKpBN-spMjPZOyV6Zvs7kWhPcornXJ2TcNGSNBOZMp_XuYe8gwnVKJfIbPkVNdiGKt4tPwGQ0BwPESc2kH8/s660/AKK2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="346" data-original-width="660" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC5cGe94GVddk6WaFD7iRpN6HmiHlmv2aDQSizHDx1BRf5KyOZkpaX_slSMKpBN-spMjPZOyV6Zvs7kWhPcornXJ2TcNGSNBOZMp_XuYe8gwnVKJfIbPkVNdiGKt4tPwGQ0BwPESc2kH8/w640-h336/AKK2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(Q) On data sheet is mentioned over-thichkness for corrosion 3 mm. How can apply to a plate of 0.5 mm?</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(A) This is a result of copy & paste of a Shell & Tube in Carbon Steel specification.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Over thickness on stainless steel is a nonsense in standard indusrtrial application.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Only typical case in PHE is on Sulphuric Acid where HastelloyC 276 plates are used with 0.7 mm instead of 0.6 mm taking in consideration corrosion rate of material every year.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Plate heat exchangers constructed of </span><a href="http://www.sulphuric-acid.com/TechManual/Materials/materials_metals_c276.htm" style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">alloy C-276</a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">plates and Viton gaskets impose certain limitations on the process in order to achieve reliable and extended operation of the heat exchangers.</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The maximum allowable temperature into a plate heat exchanger is a function of acid concentration.</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Exceeding the maximum temperature will result in higher corrosion rates and reduced life of the plate pack.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><blockquote><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><small>Concentration Maximum Temperature Expected</small><br /><small> Corrosion Rate</small><br /><small> 98% 90°C (200°F) < 0.08 mm/year</small><br /><small> 92% 70°C (160°F) </small> -<br /><small> 70% 60°C (120°F) -</small></span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><small><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;">(Q) Can I use PHE with air?</span></small></p><p class="MsoNormal"><small style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;">(A) Brazed units are suitable for these applications </span></small><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: medium;">As a refrigerated air dryer, BPHE units separate humidity from compressed air by cooling the air in an evaporator. As the air cools and loses its ability to hold moisture, the condensate exits through a separator.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVvPC5pRxfyMpxHjJiLPAQ0GwOuSL6o3RZx8QfddJNekPmAN393z_zjzv_-3XiSEQxgZkgwLVarHv7E7HMt53cO8jmIA8QhnBryyvFu600vPaEuMsiDhij6N0i7J1GHU68jKUpM6ZjSLs/s672/Screenshot_1123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="379" data-original-width="672" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVvPC5pRxfyMpxHjJiLPAQ0GwOuSL6o3RZx8QfddJNekPmAN393z_zjzv_-3XiSEQxgZkgwLVarHv7E7HMt53cO8jmIA8QhnBryyvFu600vPaEuMsiDhij6N0i7J1GHU68jKUpM6ZjSLs/w640-h360/Screenshot_1123.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">(continue)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></p></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>Giuseppe Tommasonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07620589637711579499noreply@blogger.com0